E6, a dominant gene conditioning early flowering and maturity in soybeans

Bonato, E. R.; Vello, Natal Antônio

doi:10.1590/s1415-47571999000200016

Cited by 206 publications

(173 citation statements)

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“…However, this gene alone is not sufficient to cause an appreciable delay in flowering under short-day conditions. Bonato and Vello (1999) studied the time for flowering and maturity in the cultivars Paranagoiana and SS-1 cultivars. They indicated that early flowering and maturity are controlled by a single dominant gene and the natural mutations that originated the cultivars Paranagoiana and SS-1 cultivars occur at the same locus of the cultivar Paraná cultivar.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inheritance of a long juvenile period under short-day conditions in soybean

2002

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The long juvenile period (LJP) characteristic of soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) cultivars delays flowering under short-day conditions. This trait may be important in increasing the adaptation range of soybean to low latitudes and provides greater flexibility for sowing times within the same latitude. The inheritance of the long juvenile period was studied in the MG/BR22 (Garimpo) soybean cultivar to provide knowledge to support the development of cultivars adapted to short day conditions. Four cultivars ('Paraná', 'Bossier', 'Bragg', and 'Davis') were crossed among each other and with MG/BR 22 ('Garimpo'). The study was conducted under short-day conditions (early sowing) in a greenhouse and in the field, in Londrina, Paraná, (23°22' south latitude). The parents and the F 1 , F 2 , and F 3 populations were assessed daily for flowering. The genotype ratios of 15:1 (p > 0.95, χ 2 test) and 8:7:1 (p = 0.193) for the F 2 and F 3 generations, respectively, obtained for the Paraná x Bossier cross indicated a case of digenic interaction with a duplicate recessive epistatic effect for the LJP character. Segregation of the F 2 population from the MG/BR 22 (Garimpo) x Paraná cross resulted in the expected ratio of 3:1 (p = 0.166, indicating that the MG/BR 22 (Garimpo) and Paraná cultivars differed at a single locus. Similarly, in the MG/BR 22 (Garimpo) x Bossier cross, a 3:1 (p = 0.065) segregation indicated that these two cultivars differed at a single locus for number of days to flowering. The Davis cultivar had the same gene for LJP as the Paraná cultivar (aa). The F 2 segregation of the classic flowering Bragg with MG/BR 22 (Garimpo) cross resulted in a 15:1 (p = 0.138) ratio, indicating that these two cultivars differed at two loci for flowering. The genotypes assigned to the cultivars were aaBB for Paraná, AAbb for Bossier and aabb for MG/BR 22 (Garimpo). A single locus in recessive homozygosis does not produce LJP.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inheritance of a long juvenile period under short-day conditions in soybean

2002

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“…These are E1 and E2 (Bernard 1971), E3 (Buzzell 1971), E4 (Buzzell and Voldeng 1980), E5 (McBlain and Bernard 1987), E6 (Bonato and Vello 1999), and E7 (Cober and Voldeng 2001). Of these, the E1, E3, and E4 loci have been suggested to be related to photoperiod sensitivity under various light conditions (Saidon et al 1989;Cober et al 1996b;Abe et al 2003).…”

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Map-Based Cloning of the Gene Associated With the Soybean Maturity Locus E3

et al. 2009

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Photosensitivity plays an essential role in the response of plants to their changing environments throughout their life cycle. In soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill], several associations between photosensitivity and maturity loci are known, but only limited information at the molecular level is available. The FT3 locus is one of the quantitative trait loci (QTL) for flowering time that corresponds to the maturity locus E3. To identify the gene responsible for this QTL, a map-based cloning strategy was undertaken. One phytochrome A gene (GmPhyA3) was considered a strong candidate for the FT3 locus. Allelism tests and gene sequence comparisons showed that alleles of Misuzudaizu (FT3/FT3; JP28856) and Harosoy (E3/E3; PI548573) were identical. The GmPhyA3 alleles of Moshidou Gong 503 (ft3/ft3; JP27603) and L62-667 (e3/e3; PI547716) showed weak or complete loss of function, respectively. High red/far-red (R/FR) long-day conditions enhanced the effects of the E3/FT3 alleles in various genetic backgrounds. Moreover, a mutant line harboring the nonfunctional GmPhyA3 flowered earlier than the original Bay (E3/E3; PI553043) under similar conditions. These results suggest that the variation in phytochrome A may contribute to the complex systems of soybean flowering response and geographic adaptation.

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“…However, if these genes have influence even under a non-LJ background, it is not strange that a dominant allele for early-flowering originated in the late-maturing Himeshirazu cultivar. Another gene for flowering time (E6) has been reported, of which the dominant allele induces earlier flowering (Bonato and Vello, 1999). The E6 gene was detected in a genetic analysis using a relatively late-maturing (MG-VI) cultivar, and its natural mutants cause later flowering and maturity.…”

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Quantitative trait loci mapping of pubescence density and flowering time of insect-resistant soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.)

et al. 2007

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Analysis of antibiosis resistance to common cutworm (Spodoptera litura Fabricius) in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) has progressed significantly, but the immediate cause remains unknown. We performed quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis of pubescence density and plant development stage because these factors are assumed to be the immediate cause of resistance to cutworm. The QTLs for pubescence appeared to be identical to the previously detected the Pd1 and Ps loci controlling pubescence density. We found no candidate loci for flowering time QTLs, although one could be identical to the gene governing the long-juvenile trait or to the E6 loci controlling maturity. None of the QTLs overlapped with the QTLs for antibiosis resistance. To reduce damage to soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) plants caused by herbivorous insects, especially the common cutworm (Spodoptera litura Fabricius, Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) (CCW), breeding programs to develop pest-resistant soybean cultivars have been conducted in Japan. We reported that the soybean cultivar Himeshirazu exhibits effective antibiosis resistance to S. litura (Komatsu et al., 2004). We genetically analyzed this resistance using DNA markers and recognized two quantitative trait loci (QTL) for antibiosis resistance to S. litura located on G. max linkage group M which we named CCW-1 and CCW-2 and which explain 28% and 16%, respectively, of phenotypic variance of antibiosis (Komatsu et al., 2005).The genetics of the resistance has been studied (Komatsu et al., 2005) but its immediate cause remains unknown, although pubescence density is a possible factor. Lambert et al. (1992) reported that pupal weight and duration from hatching till pupation of the corn (maize) earworm (Helicoverpa zea Boddie) were affected by pubescence density when near-isogenic soybean lines differing only in pubescence density were used as diet. It is necessary to clarify the relationship between the resistance of the Himeshirazu soybean cultivar to S. litura and pubescence density for better identification of the mechanisms of resistance to S. litura.The plant development stage is also a possible factor in resistance. Nault et al. (1992) reported that mortality of Pseudoplusia includens (Walker) was lower in larvae reared on soybean at the plant reproductive phase than in larvae reared at the vegetative phase. Within the vegetative phase, plant age affected the growth rate of P. includens larvae (Reynolds and Smith, 1985). The Himeshirazu cultivar matures late (maturity group VIII), later than susceptible, mid-maturity cultivars. This later development could contribute to antibiosis resistance, but this would be difficult to determine because it is difficult to synchronize the development stage of all the materials needed for the bioassay. On the other hand, the late maturity of the Himeshirazu cultivar could be an obstacle for the development of elite pestresistant cultivars, because it is too late for the cultivation program followed in Japan. If late maturity confers resistance, it migh...

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E6, a dominant gene conditioning early flowering and maturity in soybeans

Cited by 206 publications

References 5 publications

Inheritance of a long juvenile period under short-day conditions in soybean

Inheritance of a long juvenile period under short-day conditions in soybean

Map-Based Cloning of the Gene Associated With the Soybean Maturity Locus E3

Quantitative trait loci mapping of pubescence density and flowering time of insect-resistant soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.)

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