Eagle’s Syndrome: A Diagnostic Challenge and Surgical Dilemma

Dey, Annuradha; Mukherji, Srijon

doi:10.1007/s12663-020-01396-x

Cited by 9 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…ES could be controlled by conservative methods of medical management, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, anticonvulsants and antidepressants, however, this mode is usually inefficient. [ 5 , 9 ] As shown in our research, little positive result was responded in cases from oral medication. The literature searched tend to support that surgical intervention should be the first choice which would result in more definitive treatment and long-lasting symptomatic relief.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…[2,3] ES is commonly poorly recognized and probably mistreated as atypical facial pain, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, migraine, temporomandibular disorder, trigeminal neuralgia, and some kinds of ischemic diseases because of its low incidence and multivariate but nonspecific clinical features. [4,5] A retrospective study of 10 cases of ES was carried out in our article and an illustrative case was presented to demonstrate a better understanding of its clinical characteristics and management, the underlying pathogenesis was discussed on the basis of radiographic manifestations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ES is commonly poorly recognized and probably mistreated as atypical facial pain, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, migraine, temporomandibular disorder, trigeminal neuralgia, and some kinds of ischemic diseases because of its low incidence and multivariate but nonspecific clinical features. [ 4 , 5 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Eagle syndrome: A rare neuropathic disorder affecting head and neck

Xu,

Shi,

Zhang

2024

Medicine

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To investigate the clinical characteristics of Eagle syndrome (ES) and evaluate psychological distress of the patients. Ten cases of ES were enrolled, clinical characteristics and management were analyzed. Psychological disorders of the patients were assessed by the test of self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS). There were 8 females and 2 males varying from 34 to 56 years with a mean age of 44.86 ± 8.38 years. The main complaints included foreign body sensation of pharynx, odynophagia, vertigo with turning of the head-neck, pain of anterolateral neck, and toothache. Three cases were right-side affected, 6 cases were left-sided and 1 case was bilateral. Radiographic examination showed the elongated styloid process of bilateral in all cases, however, hypertrophy, improper inclination, abnormal angulation of styloid process and more complete calcification of stylohoid ligament of the complained side were observed compared to the opposite side. Eight cases suffered from anxiety and/or depression. A surgical intervention was carried out on 6 patients to resect the elongated styloid process, the symptoms and mental distress disappeared after the operation and no recurrence was found in their follow-ups. Meticulous interrogation of illness history, proper examination, and radiological studies may be valuable in diagnostic confirmation of ES. It is the hyperostosis, abnormal angulation of the styloid process rather than the simple elongation which is more likely to be attributed to the development of ES. Psychological disorders in ES patients were observed in our study and should be paid more attention in the future research.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Eagle syndrome: A rare neuropathic disorder affecting head and neck

Xu,

Shi,

Zhang

2024

Medicine

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“…Styloidectomy, a definitive therapeutic intervention for ES, encompasses two primary surgical techniques: the intraoral and extraoral approaches. 12 Postoperative outcomes typically include significant symptomatic alleviation for the majority of patients. For those who decline surgical intervention, pharmacological management with agents such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, pregabalin, carbamazepine, and amitriptyline, among others, may be prescribed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ischemic stroke due to stylocarotid artery syndrome: a case report and review

Liu,

Li,

Zheng

et al. 2024

J Int Med Res

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Stylocarotid artery syndrome (SAS) is a rare variant of Eagle’s syndrome that may lead to transient ischemic attack or stroke. The underlying pathophysiological mechanism involves compression of the internal carotid artery by an elongated styloid process (ESP), potentially resulting in vascular occlusion or dissection. An ESP exceeding 2.5 cm is deemed elongated, with a length of 3.0 cm considered clinically significant. Although the prevalence of ESP ranges from 4.0% to 7.3%, symptomatic cases are rare; symptoms are present in only approximately 4.0% of individuals with an ESP. Unlike the typical symptoms of Eagle’s syndrome, SAS may not cause pharyngeal discomfort, the sensation of a foreign body in the throat, dysphagia, or facial pain. This absence of characteristic symptoms as well as the development of central nervous system symptoms often leads patients to seek care from neurologists instead of otolaryngologists, increasing the likelihood of misdiagnosis or underdiagnosis. We herein report a unique case of ischemic stroke caused by SAS and present a literature review on cases of SAS-associated ischemic stroke published in the past decade. The reporting of this study conforms to the CARE guidelines.

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“…El alargamiento de la apófisis estiloides es de baja incidencia entre el 4 % y el 7 %, y entre ellos solo el 4 % de los pacientes son sintomáticos 2 . Se dice que los síntomas son causados por la presión de la apófisis sobre los nervios y vasos cercanos, en otras palabras, el nervio facial y las arterias carótidas 4,11 . Los síntomas son inespecíficos, sin embargo, se incluye cefalea, dolores de garganta, dolor facial, tinnitus, otalgia, disfagia y dolor de oído 9,12,13,14 .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Eagle syndrome: a review of the literature

Ramos

Canales-Sermeño

Chacaltana-Limaco

2020

whj

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Introduction: Eagle syndrome (ES) is a very unusual pathology caused by the elongation of the styloid process (SP), it can cause various clinical symptoms, the size ranges between approximately 25 to 30 mm, when it exceeds these parameters it is classified as attached as elongated process. Objective: To describe the general aspects, diagnosis and treatment of Eagle Syndrome. Development: Eagle Syndrome is a complex pathology that requires extensive knowledge of its signs and symptoms to establish a correct diagnosis and subsequently an adequate treatment. Conclusion: Contrast-enhanced CT examination can easily diagnose this disease, it is important to consider a differential diagnosis. Surgery is the best alternative when conservative management fails, it reduces morbidity. Recognizing diagnostic tools, applicable images, and alternatives is crucial for successful treatment.

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Eagle’s Syndrome: A Diagnostic Challenge and Surgical Dilemma

Cited by 9 publications

References 25 publications

Eagle syndrome: A rare neuropathic disorder affecting head and neck

Eagle syndrome: A rare neuropathic disorder affecting head and neck

Ischemic stroke due to stylocarotid artery syndrome: a case report and review

Eagle syndrome: a review of the literature

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