EANO–ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of patients with leptomeningeal metastasis from solid tumours

Clinicopathological and Treatment-Associated Prognostic Factors in Patients with Breast Cancer Leptomeningeal Metastases in Relation to Tumor Biology

“…If confirmed, these results may support the clinical use of glucose CSF, a simple biochemical parameter, to better define prognosis of BC patients diagnosed with LMD. This result might be of particular interest in contexts in which, such as in Europe, CSF sampling at LMD diagnosis is strongly encouraged by guidelines and widely used by clinicians . It should, however, be acknowledged that a number of limitations regarding the evaluation of these biochemical parameters in CSF are present in our study.…”

“…The incidence of LMD in metastatic BC is reported to be approximately 5% ; however, this rate is probably underestimated due to nonspecific symptoms and signs and to the poor sensitivity of diagnostic methods. LMD generally occurs in the context of advanced systemic disease and is often associated with the presence of brain metastases (BM; 33%–54% of cases) .…”

Prognostic significance of molecular characteristics of cerebrospinal fluid for non‐small cell lung cancer patients with leptomeningeal metastasis

“…The duration of investigation was calculated from the initial diagnosis of LM until death or the last date of follow‐up, with a minimum follow‐up period for statistical analysis set at one month. The primary outcome measurement was disease control of LM, which was evaluated using the following criteria: improved/stable, defined as clinical symptom improvement or maintaining a consistent state, and/or enhanced computed tomography (CT) or MRI examination showing decreased or stable lesion state; worse, defined as a worsening of clinical symptoms or observation of increased lesions on enhanced CT or MRI examination according to European Association of Neuro‐Oncology–European Society for Medical Oncology (EANO–ESMO) Clinical Practice Guidelines . Extracranial lesions that appeared to be LM were evaluated according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1, and were defined as confirmed complete response (CR), partial response (PR), stable disease (SD), or progressive disease (PD) four weeks after LM diagnosis.…”

Combination of apatinib and continuous nutritional support for a gastric cancer patient with brain metastasis prolongs survival

“…Brain metastasis from gastric cancer significantly increases the risk of death. The main therapeutic methods in the therapy of brain metastasis from gastric cancer include surgery, whole‐brain radiotherapy (WBRT) and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) . In this study, we report the first case of brain metastasis from gastric cancer, treated by apatinib and continual nutritional support.…”