Ear‐bearing Capacity of Tillers Arising at Different Times in Herbage Grasses Grown for Seed

Länger, Reinhard; Lambert, David

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2494.1959.tb01005.x

Cited by 21 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Because of the high contribution of earlyformed tillers to the seedhead population (following sowing and seed harvest) efforts should be made to encourage the production of high tillernumbers during the post-harvest and autumn period. The present results support findings of other workers with perennial ryegrass (20); timothy (8,21); Bromus inermis (7); prairie grass (20) and cocksfoot (5,12).…”

Section: Tiller Survivalsupporting

confidence: 95%

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Seed Production Studies on Perennial Ryegrass, Timothy and Prairie Grass

Hill

Watkin

1975

Grass and Forage Science

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A study over two years involving tiller identification according to month of origin enabled the contribution of individual tillers of perennial ryegrass Grasslands Ruanui, timotby Grasslands Katbu and a local New Zealand strain of prairie grass (Bromus unioloides) to be deternnined at seed barvest. In addition, tbe distribution of seedbeads in different arbitrary emergence groups was detennined so as to allow analysis of individual seedhead components witbin each group.In all species, tillers formed during tbe first 4 months following an autumn sowing in tbe first year, and also in tbe immediate post-barvest period and tbrougb tbe autumn in tbe second year, made a major contribution to seedhead numbers and seed yield at harvest. These tillers bad a lower vegetative mortality rate than those formed in the spring.Primary tillers formed after sowing were highly persistent and became almost exclusively reproductive. Many vegetative tillers died before barvest, bebaving as annual tillers.Spring-formed tillers made a major contribution to tbe vegetative growtb of tbe plant over the summer and early autumn. These tillers generally died before the following winter. Tillers formed in winter and early spring by ryegrass and prairie grass sbowed a bigb mortality, particularly in tbe second year. In timotby, mortality was bighest amongst tillers formed in late spring. Tbe reduced contribution of spring-formed tillers to tbe seedbead population occurred as a result of fewer beads numerically compared with older tillers.In all species, most seedhead components varied according to time of ear emergence. Earlyemerged heads were generally longer, bore more spikelets and more florets per bead and bad a greater culm lengtb tban late-emerged beads.Tbe major trend in all species was a general depression in bead lengtb, spikelet and floret number and culm lengtb witb grazing. Tbese effects were in most cases partly or completely overcome by N application. Tbe major effect of applied N was to increase floret number per bead.

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Section: Tiller Survivalsupporting

confidence: 95%

“…This effect is apprently inherent in the organization of the plant since it occurs irrespective of the time of sowing (12). However, any discussion ofdecreasing ear-bearing capacity with later tiller formation must take into account that this is not solely an age effect.…”

Section: Seedhead Populationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Seed Production Studies on Perennial Ryegrass, Timothy and Prairie Grass

Hill

Watkin

1975

Grass and Forage Science

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“…Nitrogen application generally decreases tiller mortality of widely spaced plants ( Wilson, 1959) but in dense populations of grasses grown for seed production nitrogen application seldom influences the proportion of dead tillers (Langer and Lambert, 1959;Hill and Watkin, 1975;Hebbiethwaite, 1977). High nutrient encourages vigorous growth of the sward often leading to an almost completely closed canopy (Brougham, 1958;Robson, 1973) and as spring advances improvement in the light level above the sward is paralleled by a deterioration of the light level deep in the sward.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The physiology of tiller death in grasses.

Ong

1978

Grass and Forage Science

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A reproducible method of causing tiller death on individual ryegrass (Lolium perenne L., cv. S23) plants is described. This was achieved by subjecting whole plants grown previously for 7 weeks in full light (100%) and full nutrient (100^^) to either light stress {11-5% or 2-5%) or nutrient stress (10% or 0%) or various combinations of light and nutrient stress. Detailed records were made of tiller appearance, position and weight, and the probability of tiller death was calculated. Analysis of each plant indicated that the smallest tiller, which was often, but not always the youngest, was the most vulnerable when the whole plant was stressed. Tiller position was relatively unimportant in determining survival. The results are discussed in relation to tiller mortality in natural populations and crop communities.Tiller death in grasses 203 BROUGHAM R.W. (1958) Interception of light by the foliage of pure and mixed stands of pasture piants.

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“…It would appear that the increased proportion of tillers in the older categories in the S treatment populations caused a shift towards earlier flowering. It has long been known that the oldest tillers within the tiller population of a grass sward contribute the largest proportion of flowering tiller (Langer & Lambert, 1959;Hill & Watkin, 1975). Hill & Watkin (1975) also demonstrated that management, in their case grazing v. no grazing, can cause a shift towards higher numbers of early-emerging flower heads, but this is the first study to demonstrate long-term effects of spring grazing management on flowering in the following year.…”

Section: Long-term Effectsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Some consequences of imposing different continuousgrazing pressures in the spring on tiller demography and leaf growth

Tallowin¹,

Williams²,

Kirkham³

1989

J. Agric. Sci.

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S U M M A R YThe effects of different severities of continuous grazing imposed during the spring, followed by a uniform continuous grazing management from mid-summer onwards, were examined in relation to changes in tiller demography and leaf growth of perennial ryegrass {Lolium perenne). Two grazing severities were imposed, based upon maintaining a constant sward height of either 35 mm (severe) or 75 mm (lenient). From 1 June onwards, a uniform grazing pressure with a sward height of 60 mm was imposed.Differences in the age class structure of the tiller populations developed during the spring between the two grazing treatments, principally through the suppression of daughter tiller development under the more lenient grazing. The demographic differences between the treatments were further increased during the remainder of the grazing season, under the common grazing management, largely because of the greater production of secondary daughter tillers in the sward which had been leniently grazed. The demographic differences between the swards had little effect on net pasture production during the treatment season, with lamina growth rates being virtually unaffected across a wide range of steadystate, continuous-grazing pressures. However, longer-term effects on pasture development, due to the demographic differences between the swards, did appear in the following season; the more severe grazing pressure treatment resulted in earlier inflorescence development in the subsequent season.

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Ear‐bearing Capacity of Tillers Arising at Different Times in Herbage Grasses Grown for Seed

Cited by 21 publications

References 7 publications

Seed Production Studies on Perennial Ryegrass, Timothy and Prairie Grass

Seed Production Studies on Perennial Ryegrass, Timothy and Prairie Grass

The physiology of tiller death in grasses.

Some consequences of imposing different continuousgrazing pressures in the spring on tiller demography and leaf growth

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