Ear Length and Spikelet Number of Wheat Grown at Different Temperatures and Light Intensities

Friend, D. J. C.

doi:10.1139/b65-037

Cited by 74 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Photoperiod and light intensity may have some effects on spikelet primordium initiation (Friend, 1965a;Baker and Gallagher, 1983b;Kirby, 1985), but the effects are not well understood or quantified and vary widely with cultivars. Water and N do not seem to have much effect on spikelet primordium initiation rates (Whingwiri and Stern, 1982;Baker and Gallagher, 1983a), so presumably it is the duration of spikelet initiation that is affected by water and N. A linear rate of spikelet primordium initiation with GDD was reported by Malvoisin (1984) and Baker and Gallagher (1983b).…”

Section: Spikelet Primordium Initiation Submodelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulating winter wheat spike development and growth

McMaster

Morgan

Wilhelm

1992

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology

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McMaster, G.S., Morgan, J.A. and Wilhelm, W.W., 1992. Simulating winter wheat spike development and growth. Agric. For. Meteorol.,.Mechanistic crop simulation models can aid in integrating and directing research, and in improving farm management strategies. Information derived from recent research on spike development and growth of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was incorporated into a submodel, SPIKEGRO, and added to an existing model called SHOOTGRO. This manuscript discusses the SPIKEGRO submodel.SPIKEGRO emphasizes the reproductive functioning of the shoot apex. The complete developmental sequence of the shoot apex is outlined and quantified. All developmental events and growth stages are predicted, most using the phyllochron approach. Spikelet and floret primordium initiation, growth, and abortion; ovule fertilization and growth; and rachis and chaff growth are simulated on morphologicallyidentified culms. The phyllochron interval, rather than growing degree-days, is used throughout the model to increase flexibility in predicting yearly and within-stand variation in development. Up to six cohorts of plants are simulated simultaneously from time of emergence, using a daily time step. Initial inputs consist of general agronomic information such as planting date, density, and depth, site latitude, cultivar heightclass, soil water and N concentration, and soil characteristics (e.g. bulk density, organic carbon, parameters for a water-release curve). Cultivar differences, if known, can be incorporated by changing the input parameter file.Validation results and sensitivity analysis suggested six modifications that should improve model realism and predictions. Most of the modifications are easy corrections of simplified algorithms.SPIKEGRO integrates aboveground development and growth of individual plant components into one simulation. The model is useful in estimating development and growth throughout the growing season, and in predicting all stages of shoot apex development critical in scheduling cultural practices.

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Section: Spikelet Primordium Initiation Submodelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulating winter wheat spike development and growth

McMaster

Morgan

Wilhelm

1992

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology

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“…Since the duration of vegetative phase and apex length at FI show a positive correlation, the duration of vegetative phase has been considered to control the spikelet number per spike by affecting the shoot apex length at FI. The determinant of the spikelet number per spike may be determined by climatic conditions such as photoperiod (Allison and Daynard, 1976;Lucas, 1972;Rahman and Wilson, 1977b;Rawson, 1971), temperature (Friend, 1965;Rahman and Wilson, 1978) and vernalization (Rahman, 1980) which strongly influence the duration of the vegetative phase of wheat, or by nutrient factors such as phosphorus (Nerson et al, 1990;Rahman and Wilson, 1977a) and nitrogen (Nerson et al, 1990;Whingwiri and Kemp, 1980) which are closely related to the physiological activities of the plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Spike Development of Three Spring Wheat Genotypes under Various Cultural Conditions

Itoh¹,

Ueno²,

Yamazaki³

1998

Plant Production Science

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“…Compared to the information on spikelet number per spike, information about varietal differences in spike length is limited (Kirby, 1988), because spikelet number and spike length have been considered to be affected similarly by temperature and light intensity (Friend, 1965). Moreover, spikelet number per spike IS more closely correlated with yield than spike length (Miyasita, 1963 ;Pinthus, 1967).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There have been many studies on the effects of photoperiod, temperature and light intensity on the spikelet number per spike (Frank et a1., 1987 ;Frank and Bauer, 1996;Friend et aI., 1963;Friend, 1965;Halse and Weir, 1970;Holmes, 1973;Rahman and Wilson, 1977b;Rahman et aI., 1977;Rahman and Wilson, 1978;Rawson, 1970), but not many cuItivars were used in controlled environments in most of these studies. Although cultural conditions like seeding densities or fertilization levels are important in controlling yield in the actual field, little has been known about the effects of these factors on the spikelet number in various genotypes.…”

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confidence: 99%