Ear-related problems among children attending the paediatric and otorhinolaryngology out-patients clinics of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu

Ilechukwu, GC; Ilechukwu, C; Ezeanolue, BC; Okoroafor, I. J.; Ojinnaka, N C; Ubesie, Agozie C; Emechebe, GO; Eze, JC

doi:10.4314/ahs.v16i2.4

Cited by 9 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…However, the prevalence of hearing impairment varies from 1.94% 47 to 32.3%. 30 While some studies utilized the threshold screening and otoscopy method, 5,24,28,29,30,42,45,46 others used the diagnostic assessment [23][24][25][27][28][29][30]42,43,49,[51][52][53][54][55][56]58 and the use of WHO or UNICEF parental interview methods for screening purpose. 26,43,47,50,52,57 Thus, hearing impairment measurement variation may also result in difference in the magnitude of the hearing impairment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some studies mixed toddlers and preschoolers with school-aged individuals and adolescent. 5,[23][24][25]29,30,45,46,49,56,57 Unfortunately, many of the studies did not clearly present the causes of hearing impairment. However, we found the most common causes of hearing impairment like CSOM, the leading cause of preventable childhood hearing loss in developing countries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From the studies included in the analysis, Twenty-one studies were cross sectional 5,24,25,[27][28][29][30][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55] while three studies were case-control, [56][57][58] and the remaining studies were prospective cohort. 23,26 All the included studies were conducted between 2000 and 2018 with the sample size ranging from 94 to 21,572.…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In nine studies, auditory threshold and otoscopy were used for screening procedure. 5,24,[28][29][30]42,45,46 In 14 studies, automated pure tone audiometry was applied. 23,27,28,30,42,48,49,[51][52][53][54][55][56]58 In addition, several studies used TEOAE (transitory evoked otoacoustic emission) audiometric diagnosis, 24,25,29,44,45,58 and WHO or UNICEF questions based parental interview 26,43,47,50,52,57 to assess hearing impairment.…”

Section: The Pooled Prevalence Of Hearing Impairmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…

BackgroundHearing impairment is a significant cause of disability worldwide, and more than two-thirds of the population with hearing impairment live in developing countries. [1][2][3][4][5] Worldwide, 466-million people are living with disabling hearing loss and 34 million are children. If the current trend continues, it is

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confidence: 99%

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Childhood hearing impairment and its associated factors in sub-Saharan Africa in the 21st century: A systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2020

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Background: Childhood hearing impairment is still a significant cause of disability in the 21st century in developing countries. Particularly, the burden is more severe in sub-Saharan Africa, where the majority of children with hearing problems is living. Thre are great variations and inconsistencies of available findings conducted in sub-Saharan Africa. Hence, the aim of this review was to determine the pooled prevalence of childhood hearing impairment and its associated factors in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: Studies were searched from main databases (PubMed, CINAHL, and African Journals Online), Google Scholar, and other relevant sources using electronic and manual techniques. All observational studies, written in English and conducted among participants (aged less than 18 years) from 2000 to 2018, were eligible. Heterogeneity between included studies was assessed using I2, and publication bias was explored using visual inspection of the funnel plot. Statistical analysis was carried out to determine pooled prevalence using Stata version 14. In addition, subgroup analysis was carried out for the normality criteria of hearing thresholds and characteristics of the study populations. Results: The pooled prevalence of hearing impairment was 10% (95% confidence interval (CI): 9%–11%). The magnitude of hearing impairment varies with the normality criterion used. The most commonly used threshold was 25 and 30 dB hearing level. The prevalence of hearing impairment based on normality criterion (>20 dB, >25 dB, >30 dB, and >35 dB) were 17%, 19%, 2%, and 1%, respectively. While in the questionnaire-based evaluation, the prevalence was 6% (95% CI: 3%–9%). In addition, based on population characteristics, the prevalence of hearing impairment for school or community-based children was 6% (95% CI: 5%–7%) while the prevalence for children with comorbidities was 23% (95% CI: 15%–31%). Chronic suppurative otitis media, impacted cerumen, advanced stage of human immunodeficiency virus, tuberculosis infection, and age of the children were associated with hearing impairment in sub-Saharan Africa. Conclusion: Hearing impairment in children and adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa was high, and associated with preventable and treatable risk factors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Pooled Prevalence Of Hearing Impairmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Childhood hearing impairment and its associated factors in sub-Saharan Africa in the 21st century: A systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2020

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Panel 6: Otitis media and associated hearing loss among disadvantaged populations and low to middle-income countries

Leach

Homøe

Chidziva

et al. 2020

International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology

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Etiology of Childhood Otorrhea in Luanda, Angola, and a Review of Otitis Media in African Children

Karppinen

Bernardino²,

Anjos

et al. 2019

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

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Background: In resource-poor settings, otorrhea causes a significant burden of disease in children. Etiologic studies and structured data on otorrhea and chronic otitis media among African children remain scarce. Methods: Here, we reviewed 678 bacteriologically analyzed otorrhea samples from Luanda Children's Hospital from children ≤15 years of age bet een 2008 and 2015. We then compared these to data from other studies among African children through a literature review of 20 papers published over two decades. Results: Overall, 32 different bacteria were identified among 542 isolates from 654 children in Luanda. Gram-negative bacteria constituted the majority of all isolates (85%), whereby Pseudomonas sp was the most common (n = 158, 29%), followed by Proteus sp (n = 134, 25%). Among Staphylococcus aureus (n = 106, 10%), 69% of tested isolates were MRSA, and among Enterobacteriaceae 14% were ESBL isolates. Resistance to quinolones was rare. Furthermore, in a review of the literature, we found a high occurrence of otorrhea and chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) in children as well as possible gaps in existing knowledge. Conclusions: In Angola, Gram-negative rods emerged as common causative agents of otorrhea in children followed by S. aureus. The magnitude of chronic otorrhea in Africa represents a cause for public health concern.

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Ear-related problems among children attending the paediatric and otorhinolaryngology out-patients clinics of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu

Cited by 9 publications

References 8 publications

Childhood hearing impairment and its associated factors in sub-Saharan Africa in the 21st century: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Childhood hearing impairment and its associated factors in sub-Saharan Africa in the 21st century: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Panel 6: Otitis media and associated hearing loss among disadvantaged populations and low to middle-income countries

Etiology of Childhood Otorrhea in Luanda, Angola, and a Review of Otitis Media in African Children

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