Ear studies in the newborn infant

McLellan, M.S.; Webb, Clarence H.

doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(61)80187-x

Cited by 22 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…According to Keefe and Levi (1996), the maturation of the external and middle ear in infants aged from 0 to 6 months has significant effects on the interpretation of measured ear canal responses to acoustic stimuli. The developmental changes include a decrease in the mass of the middle ear from mesenchyme loss; changes in bone density; ossicular joint tightening; increases in the size of the external auditory canal, middle-ear cavity and mastoid; a lesser union between the stapes and the annular ligament; the fusing of the tympanic ring; a change in tympanic membrane orientation and flexibility; and, the formation of the bony portion of the ear canal wall (Eby & Nadol, 1986;Holte et al, 1991;Jaffe et al, 1970;Keefe et al, 1993;Keith, 1975;McLellan & Webb, 1957;Saunders et al, 1983). Given these developmental effects, tympanometric normative data at birth may not be identical to that obtained at a later date, such as 6Á7 weeks when a comprehensive audiological assessment is likely to be scheduled for neonates who fail their initial newborn screening.…”

Section: Sumariomentioning

confidence: 99%

High frequency immittance findings: Newborn versus six-week-old infants

Mazlan

Kei

Hickson

et al. 2007

International Journal of Audiology

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This study aimed to compare the high frequency (1 kHz) tympanometry (HFT) and acoustic reflex (AR) measures obtained from infants at birth and at 6-7 weeks of age. HFT results and AR thresholds using a 2-kHz tone and broadband noise activators were obtained from 42 healthy full-term neonates (15 boys and 27 girls) at both test sessions, separated by six weeks. The results showed that the mean values of HFT test parameters and AR thresholds obtained at 6-7 weeks were generally greater than those obtained at birth. In particular, the differences in mean values of uncompensated admittance at 200 daPa, uncompensated peak admittance, uncompensated peak susceptance, peak-compensated static admittance, and AR thresholds with a 2 kHz tone and broadband noise were found to be statistically significant. The findings from this study suggest the need to have separate sets of normative HFT and AR data for infants at birth and 6-7 weeks.

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Section: Sumariomentioning

confidence: 99%

High frequency immittance findings: Newborn versus six-week-old infants

Mazlan

Kei

Hickson

et al. 2007

International Journal of Audiology

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“…First, since the shape of the audibility curve in adults is largely determined by the characteristics of the external and middle ears, and since at least some of these characteristics have been shown to change postnatally in humans (McLellan and Webb, 1957;Saunders et al, 1983), one might expect to see postnatal changes in sensitivity on that basis alone. Second, in other mammals, behavioral and physiological thresholds tend to mature first at low to middle frequencies (reviewed by Rubel, 1978 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pure-tone sensitivity of human infants

Olsho

Koch

Carter

et al. 1988

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

149

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Pure-tone thresholds at frequencies ranging from 250 to 8000 Hz were estimated for 3-, 6-, and 12-month-old infants and for adults, using the Observer-based Psychoacoustic Procedure (OPP). Sounds were presented monaurally using an earphone. Psychometric functions of infants were similar to those of adults, although 3-month-olds had shallower functions at higher frequencies. The thresholds of 6- and 12-month-old infants were 10-15 dB higher than those of the adults, with the difference being greater at lower frequencies. This result is in general agreement with results from other laboratories. The thresholds of 3-month-olds were 15-30 dB higher than those of adults. The greatest difference between 3-month-olds and adults was at 8000 Hz. This threshold difference is smaller than that reported in earlier behavioral studies; higher thresholds at high frequencies have been previously reported for newborn and 3-month-old infants. The relative contributions of sensory and nonsensory variables to these age differences are discussed.

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“…Unfortunately, there is no simple way of doing this at this age. Otoscopic examination is extremely difficult and often inaccurate6 7 and, although conventional tympanometry with a 220 Hz probe tone is still used to determine the presence of middle ear abnormalities in the neonate,8 the use of higher frequency (678 and 1000 Hz) probe tones has also been recommended 910 Unfortunately, these probe tone frequencies are not available on most tympanometers.…”

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confidence: 99%

Confirmation of deafness in infancy

Watkin

Baldwin

1999

Archives of Disease in Childhood

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Results-A targeted PCHI was found in 1.18/1000 neonates. The PPV of the ABR for confirming a targeted PCHI was 100% when the ABR threshold was > 80 dBnHL. Nine of 11 infants with this threshold had severe or profound permanent deafness. The delay from ABR to audiological certainty was about 1 month-diagnosis was confirmed around 3 months. There was uncertainty when the ABR was 40-80 dBnHL. The PPV was 60% and 8% when the ABR thresholds were 70 dBnHL and 50 dBnHL, respectively. 85 of 111 infants with ABR thresholds in this range had a temporary conductive impairment. Their early diagnosis depended upon the type and degree of hearing impairment and diagnosis was delayed to about 8 months in these infants. Conclusions-Hearing impairments identified by universal screening are delayed in all but those with severe or profound bilateral PCHI. This delay can be reduced by applying in early infancy a battery of audiological tests and requires further exploration. (Arch Dis Child 1999;81:380-389)

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Ear studies in the newborn infant

Cited by 22 publications

References 3 publications

High frequency immittance findings: Newborn versus six-week-old infants

High frequency immittance findings: Newborn versus six-week-old infants

Pure-tone sensitivity of human infants

Confirmation of deafness in infancy

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