Earlier Sexual Debut and Anti-Gay Victimization Among Men Who Have Sex With Men (MSM) in Kazakhstan

Laughney, Caitlin I; Lee, Yong Gun; Mergenova, Guakhar; Vinogradov, Vitaliy; Zhakupova, Gulnara; Paine, Emily Allen; Primbetova, Sholpan; Terlikbayeva, Assel; Wu, Elwin

doi:10.1177/08862605231176800

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 33 publications

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“…[7][8][9] In Kazakhstan, multiple forms of stigma against SGE individuals, such as sexual and gender-based victimization in community settings, bias-based harassment in health care settings, and the absence of legal protection from discriminatory practices, have been reported. [10][11][12][13] Moreover, among a sample of MSM and TSM in Kazakhstan, HIV stigma, internalized homophobia, and sexual and gender-based victimization and discrimination were associated with disruptions to HIV testing and treatment. 14,15 Furthermore, SGE individuals contend with multiple behavioral risks associated with HIV that urge attention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Impacts of Multi-City HIV Research Participation Among Sexual and Gender Expansive Individuals in Kazakhstan

Vinogradov,

Lee,

Zhakupova

et al. 2024

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Background: Sexual and gender expansive (SGE) individuals in Kazakhstan are disproportionately affected by HIV yet stigma and discrimination pose ethical and practical challenges for HIV prevention research involving them. Although researchers are tasked with ensuring that risks of research participation are reasonable in relation to its benefits, participation-related risks and benefits—including negative and positive social impacts (NSIs and PSIs respectively) on personal relationships, social status, health, and other aspects of life—among SGE populations have received little attention.Methods: We examined NSIs and PSIs of participation among SGE individuals in a three-city HIV prevention study in Kazakhstan at the clinical trial's follow-up visits. We analyzed responses from 579 unique SGE participants who completed a total of 2648 follow-up visits over the 36-month study period (2019–2022).Results: Overall, NSIs were rare: 9 (2%) participants reported NSIs during the study; virtually no NSIs (mean=0.0037, SD=0.03) were reported at each follow-up visit. These few NSIs included 'trouble with friends, family, or acquaintances' and 'other'. By contrast, PSIs were extensive: 515 (89%) participants reported PSIs during the study; almost an average of five PSIs (mean=4.8, SD=3.4) were reported at each follow-up visit. The most endorsed PSIs were 'gained knowledge', 'improvement in HIV-related issues', and 'improvement in life'.Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate the potential for HIV prevention research to be associated with PSIs for SGE individuals experiencing stigmatization and discrimination. Future research should address NSIs, particularly interpersonal challenges among network members, within HIV prevention research to minimize risks and burdens of participation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Impacts of Multi-City HIV Research Participation Among Sexual and Gender Expansive Individuals in Kazakhstan

Vinogradov,

Lee,

Zhakupova

et al. 2024

Preprint

Self Cite

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Earlier First Anal Sex Predicts Engagement in Chemsex Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in the United Kingdom

Avallone,

Marbaniang,

Engler

et al. 2024

The Journal of Sex Research

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Men at risk: correlates of verbal, physical and sexual violence against men who have sex with men across selected cities in India

Pal,

Pathak,

Rahaman

et al. 2024

BMC Public Health

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Background Five distinct forms of violence - Physical, Verbal, Sexual, Cyber, and Relational - persistently afflict sexual minorities worldwide. The presence of feminine attributes in Men who have Sex with Men is inherently linked to a heightened susceptibility to various manifestations of violence, thereby exerting detrimental repercussions on both the physical and mental well-being of these individuals. This correlation stands as a principal contributor to the alarmingly elevated rates of suicide attempts among Men who have Sex with Men, particularly during their early years. Data and Methods This cross-sectional study investigates the risk factors for violence against Men who have Sex with Men in six metropolitan cities across India. Quantitative data were gathered from 300 self-identified Men who have Sex with Men, with 240 providing only quantitative data, while both quantitative and qualitative data were collected from a subset of 60 respondents, ranging in age from 18 to 70 years. Quantitative analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and binary logistic regression to explore the likelihood of different types of violence. Qualitative data collected through in-depth interviews, were analyzed thematically to provide contextual depth and validate the quantitative findings, focusing on specific incidents and key themes associated with violence among Men who have Sex with Men. Results More than 60 per cent of the respondents encountered at least one type of violence due to their sexuality. More than half of the respondents who engaged in the receptive role during sexual activity reported experiencing sexual violence. The likelihood of encountering verbal violence was found to be nearly six times higher among respondents who were receptive than penetrative sexual partners. Respondents of Muslim religion exhibited a 2.6-fold increase in the likelihood of experiencing sexual violence compared to their Hindu counterparts. Conclusion Violence against Men who have Sex with Men is a pervasive issue in the six metropolitan cities studied in India, particularly affecting individuals with lower education and low income. These findings resonate with global research, which identifies similar risk factors for violence against sexual minorities, especially in regions with deep-rooted homophobia and socio-economic inequalities. Insights from this study underscore the urgent need for targeted policies and interventions to create a safer, more inclusive environment for this population in India and other parts of the Global South. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-024-20493-x.

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Earlier Sexual Debut and Anti-Gay Victimization Among Men Who Have Sex With Men (MSM) in Kazakhstan

Cited by 3 publications

References 33 publications

Social Impacts of Multi-City HIV Research Participation Among Sexual and Gender Expansive Individuals in Kazakhstan

Social Impacts of Multi-City HIV Research Participation Among Sexual and Gender Expansive Individuals in Kazakhstan

Earlier First Anal Sex Predicts Engagement in Chemsex Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in the United Kingdom

Men at risk: correlates of verbal, physical and sexual violence against men who have sex with men across selected cities in India

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