Early Actions of Cadmium in the Rat and Domestic Fowl Testis

Johnson, Andrew D.; Miller, Walter

doi:10.1530/jrf.0.0210395

Cited by 28 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…This is not surprising since high levels of 109Gd have been found in the testis 2\ min after injection (Johnson & Miller, 1970). In the rat testis, increases in temperature occurred 5 min after injection .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…In the domestic fowl, which lacks a pampiniform plexus, there may be no requirement for counter-current heat exchange for normal testis function so that with no amassing of blood in one single area, there would be no site at which CA in¬ hibition would be so critical. Thus, there would be no increase in testicular temperature in the domestic fowl following Cd injection 468 A. D. Johnson and G. P. Walker and no damage, even though there was as much Cd in the testis of the domestic fowl as in the rat (Johnson & Miller, 1970). The inhibition of CA appears not to be the direct mechanism by which Gd damages the testis of the rat.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Other work had indicated that 109Cd reaches a high level in the testis of both the rat and domestic fowl at 2\ min after i.p. injection (Johnson & Miller, 1970). With this information, the present study was undertaken to determine the very early changes brought about in testicular CA after Cd injection in the rat and domestic fowl.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early Actions of Cadmium in the Rat and Domestic Fowl Testis

Johnson¹,

Walker²

1970

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Carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity in the testis of the rat and fowl was inhibited in vivo and in vitro by cadmium chloride (CdCl2).Testes were removed from control animals and from animals which had previously received injections of 0\m=.\03mmol CdCl2/kg. In both species, there was an initial inhibition followed by an increase in enzyme activity 10 min after injection. Exposure of testis tissue in vitro to 0\m=.\0001, 0\m=.\001, 0\m=.\01or 0\m=.\1 m-CdCl2 revealed that the CA activity in the testis tissue of both species was equally inhibited. The data verify that cadmium causes biochemical changes in the testis soon after injection. The fact that testicular CA activity in both the rat and fowl is inhibited by Cd, suggests either that inhibition of this enzyme is not the mode of action resulting in testicular damage or that the fowl testis is tolerant to CA inhibition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Early Actions of Cadmium in the Rat and Domestic Fowl Testis

Johnson¹,

Walker²

1970

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“…In contrast, several theories have been proposed to explain metallic substancesinduced tolerance to cadmium. In the case of pretreatment with zinc, it has been proposed that its mitigating effects are related to decreased testicular uptake of cadmium (Johnson et al, 1970;Chen et al, 1974) or to the altered distribution of cadmium in relation to increased hepatic MT content (Webb, 1972). Also, selenium (Chen et al, 1974) and low-dose cadmium treatments (Nordberg, 1971;Chen et al, 1974) appear to alter the distribution of cadmium between or within the various subcellular fractions in relation to cadmium-binding proteins such as MT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of chlorpromazine pretreatment on cadmium toxicity in the male wistar (WF/NCr) rat

Shiraishi

Rehm

Waalkes

1994

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health

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A recent report has indicated that cadmium-induced testicular damage in CF-1 mice can be prevented by pretreatment with calmodulin inhibitors such as chlorpromazine (CPZ), trifluoperazine, or N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalene sulfonamide (W-7). However, the basis of this tolerance to cadmium is unclear and has not been demonstrated in any species other than mice. Thus, we examined the effects of the calmodulin inhibitor CPZ on cadmium toxicity in male Wistar (WF/NCr) rats. A single sc injection of 25 mumol CdCl2/kg proved nonlethal over 24 h but caused the typical spectrum of testicular lesions and increases in hemoglobin content (as assessed by hemoglobin absorbance in testicular supernatant). Pretreatment with 40 mumol CPZ/kg had no effect on cadmium-induced testicular lesions but did reduce testicular hemoglobin content, while 120 mumol CPZ/kg moderately reduced the severity of testicular lesions and hemoglobin contents. CPZ pretreatment in some cases increased cadmium content in liver and reduced testicular content but had no effect on renal levels. Cadmium treatment markedly increased hepatic and renal metallothionein (MT), a metal-binding protein often associated with tolerance to cadmium. CPZ alone likewise increased hepatic MT and MT mRNA, but did not modify renal MT, renal MT mRNA, or testicular MT mRNA. In contrast to liver and kidney, testicular cadmium-binding protein (TCBP) decreased in rats exposed only to cadmium or to CPZ, while CPZ pretreatment had no further effect on cadmium-induced reductions in TCBP levels. These results indicate that, like mice, CPZ in rats can reduce the testicular toxicity of cadmium as indicated by CPZ-induced reductions in testicular vascular lesions and hemoglobin contents. However, in rats CPZ has a less dramatic effect on such cadmium-induced lesions than in mice. The CPZ-induced stimulation of hepatic MT gene expression or modification of toxicokinetics may both play roles in this acquired tolerance to cadmium.

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“…Suzuki and Yoshikawa 8 used a dose of cadmium (1.84 mg/kg) and Johnson et al 9 a dose of 109 CdC1 2 (40 J.l Ci) which was equivalent to a cadmium dose of about 3.1 J.lg per rat. Their data was obtained after post-injection intervals of 40 minutes to 96 hours.…”

Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short- and Long-Term Cadmium Distribution in Rat Livers after Different Routes of Administration

Teare

Read

Pyttel

et al. 1978

Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal

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Intracellular hepatic distribution of cadmium in male Wistar rats were determined after various time intervals up to 6 months following a single intraperitoneal injection of cadmium chloride (3.75 mg/kg). After an initial liver accumulation period of approximately 2 weeks, cadmium was slowly eliminated. This decrease occurred primarily in the soluble fraction, but also to a lesser extent in the nuclear and mitochondrial fractions. No detectable decrease of cadmium was observed in the microsomal fraction. There was no apparent redistribution of cadmium within these hepatic fractions during the 6-month period of study. A comparison of the intracellular cadmium distribution following administration by intraperitoneal, oral, and pulmonary routes revealed that in each instance the soluble fraction contained the greatest amount of this element by far with decreasing amounts in the microsomes, mitochondria, and nuclei in that order.

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Early Actions of Cadmium in the Rat and Domestic Fowl Testis

Cited by 28 publications

References 8 publications

Early Actions of Cadmium in the Rat and Domestic Fowl Testis

Early Actions of Cadmium in the Rat and Domestic Fowl Testis

Effect of chlorpromazine pretreatment on cadmium toxicity in the male wistar (WF/NCr) rat

Short- and Long-Term Cadmium Distribution in Rat Livers after Different Routes of Administration

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