Early adversity alters attention and locomotion in adult Sprague-Dawley rats.

Burton, Christie L.; Lovic, Vedran; Fleming, Alison S.

doi:10.1037/0735-7044.120.3.665

Cited by 56 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…We previously reported on prenatal ϫ postnatal effects on behavior in males and females (see Burton et al, 2006). In the present report we only focused on male offspring.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, when additional somatosensory stroking stimulation is provided to AR pups, their behavioral profiles in adulthood are not significantly different from mother-reared rats (Gonzalez, Lovic, Ward, Wainwright, & Fleming, 2001;Lovic & Fleming, 2004;Novakov & Fleming, 2005). Moreover, in a recent study using the AR paradigm, we found clear interactions of both prenatal stress and AR condition on behavior, especially for locomotor activity (Burton, Lovic, & Fleming, 2006). Among AR groups, additional stroking increased locomotor activity in prenatal stress rats, but reduced locomotor activity in controls (Burton, Lovic, & Fleming, 2006).…”

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confidence: 98%

“…Moreover, in a recent study using the AR paradigm, we found clear interactions of both prenatal stress and AR condition on behavior, especially for locomotor activity (Burton, Lovic, & Fleming, 2006). Among AR groups, additional stroking increased locomotor activity in prenatal stress rats, but reduced locomotor activity in controls (Burton, Lovic, & Fleming, 2006). These findings combined with studies examining normal variations in maternal licking behavior on offspring neural development and behavior demonstrate that postnatal somatosensory stimulation plays an important role in the development of rat behavior (e.g., Brake, Zhang, Diorio, Meaney, & Gratton, 2004;Caldji, Diorio, & Meaney, 2003;Caldji et al, 1998;Cameron, Fish, & Meaney, 2008;Champagne, 2008;Champagne et al, 2003;Francis & Meaney, 1999;Zhang & Meaney, 2010).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The primary focus of this study was to investigate interactions between 5-HTT genotype, prenatal stress, and postnatal adversity and their interaction on hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression, the HPA stress response, and behaviors, all known to be influenced by early adversity and/or by the 5-HT system, including startle responses, PPI (Borrell, Vela, Arevalo-Martin, Molina-Holgado, & Guaza, 2002;Farid, Martinez, Geyer, & Swerdlow, 2000;Lovic & Fleming, 2004;Swerdlow et al, 2006), and locomotor activity in rats (Burton et al, 2006).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Early adversity and serotonin transporter genotype interact with hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor mRNA expression, corticosterone, and behavior in adult male rats.

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Burton

Lovic

et al. 2011

Behavioral Neuroscience

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Despite its importance for development, relatively little is known about how allelic variation interacts with both pre-and postnatal stress. We examined the interaction between serotonin transporter (5-HTT) genotype, prenatal and postnatal stress on glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mRNA expression, corticosteroid stress responses, and behavior in adult male rats. Prenatal stress involved a daily restraint of pregnant dams from gestational Day 10 -21. Postnatal stress involved raising pups after parturition either by their mothers (MR) or in the artificial rearing (AR) paradigm, with or without additional "licking-like" stroking stimulation. 5-HTT genotype, hippocampal GR mRNA level, corticosteroid stress response, and behaviors including startle response, prepulse inhibition (PPI), and locomotor activity were measured in adult male rat offspring. We found significant genotype by prenatal stress interactions for hippocampal GR mRNA levels and for the corticosterone stress responses in adulthood. In contrast, behavioral endpoints tended to be more clearly affected by an interaction between genotype and postnatal environment. These findings suggest that allelic variation in the 5-HTT gene interacts with the prenatal environment to affect the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis physiology and the postnatal environment to affect behavior. These results are the first to indicate a role for genetic variation in the 5-HTT gene in physiology and behavior in the rat.

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“…We previously reported on prenatal ϫ postnatal effects on behavior in males and females (see Burton et al, 2006). In the present report we only focused on male offspring.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 98%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early adversity and serotonin transporter genotype interact with hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor mRNA expression, corticosterone, and behavior in adult male rats.

Belay

Burton

Lovic

et al. 2011

Behavioral Neuroscience

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“…In AR, this is mimicked with a paintbrush (11,13,14). Experiments manipulating the amount of tactile stimulation received by offspring have shown that this essential component of maternal care influences development of attention (15), maternal behavior (13), and social skills (16). However, it is unknown whether tactile stimulation would modify pain perception in neonates and into adulthood.…”

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Artificial Rearing of Rat Pups Reveals the Beneficial Effects of Mother Care on Neonatal Inflammation and Adult Sensitivity to Pain

et al. 2009

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Repeated pain during brain development can have long-term consequences in both humans and animals. We previously showed that maternal care provided to pups experiencing pain reduced adult pain sensitivity. This study tested whether sensory stimulation was responsible for this effect. Rat pups were either mother-reared controls (MR-CON) or artificially reared (AR) with minimal (AR-MIN) or maximal (AR-MAX) stimulation provided daily. In each rearing condition, pups were either uninjected or injected from postnatal day (PND) 4 to 14 with saline (0.9%) or formalin (0.2-0.4%). Pain behavior and paw inflammation were scored. Thermal sensitivity and responses to formalin were tested in adulthood (PND 70). AR neonates, irrespective of sensory stimulation received, exhibited a pain response (p Ͻ 0.001), even with a mild formalin dose. Maternal rearing reduced inflammation during the second week of life compared with AR pups (p Ͻ 0.05). Early pain exposure did not modify adult pain sensitivity. However, rearing altered adult pain sensitivity such that uninjected MR-CON rats had lower pain sensitivities than uninjected AR rats (p Ͻ 0.05). This suggests that the beneficial effects of maternal rearing can be obliterated if additional stimulation/stress occurs during the early neonatal period. In addition, this suggests that optimal level of maternal stimulation exists that determines adult pain sensitivity. (Pediatr Res 66: 272-277, 2009) M aternal care has numerous beneficial effects on attention, emotionality, and stress responsiveness in offspring (1,2). In particular, maternal presence can reduce pain sensitivity in neonatal rats (3) and have long-term consequences in adult offspring (4). In humans, skin-to-skin contact, or kangaroo care, between mother and infant, has been demonstrated to soothe preterm infants in neonatal intensive care units (NICU) during painful treatments (5,6). Thus, understanding the critical components of maternal care that are comforting is important for managing pain in preterm infants. In rats, maternal care occurs in a repertoire of behaviors including retrieving, licking, grooming, and crouching (7). Natural variations in the amount of licking and grooming provided to pups are a critical component of maternal care affecting development (8,9). In particular, we demonstrated that offspring from high licking and grooming mothers displayed lower thermal pain sensitivity compared with animals from low licking mothers, suggesting that tactile stimulation might be an important component mediating the maternal effect on adult pain sensitivity in rats (4). To examine the role of tactile stimulation on pup development, we used the artificial rearing (AR) paradigm, which allows control over different aspects of maternal stimulation and nest environment (10 -12). Dams lick the body and anogenital region of pups, serving thermoregulatory and excremental functions. In AR, this is mimicked with a paintbrush (11,13,14). Experiments manipulating the amount of tactile stimulation received by offspri...

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Animal Models of Developmental Psychopathology

Howell

Neigh

Sánchez

2016

Developmental Psychopathology

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In the last decade much progress has been made in research using animal models of developmental psychopathology. The field has moved from the demonstration of long‐term impacts of early adversity on behavioral and physiological development and the role of genetic risks for vulnerability, to including transgenerational transmission of stress‐induced phenotypes through epigenetic modifications. Additional and critical paradigm shifts have also taken place, including increased focus on ecologically and ethologically valid animal models, research on resilience, the adolescent transition as a period of brain and behavioral reorganization, and sex differences. In this chapter we review recent literature using rodent and nonhuman primate animal models that examines the biological mechanisms through which the early environment programs neurobehavioral, cognitive, and physiological development. We discuss the evolutionary role of this plasticity on behavioral development, as it has an adaptive value in changing environments. Because of maternal care's critical role in early environment, we focus on models that study the effects of mother–infant relationship disruption and dissect the mechanisms by which maternal care regulates the development of brain circuits that control emotional and social behaviors of relevance for developmental psychopathology. Finally, we discuss developmental sensitive/critical periods as windows of opportunity for plastic adaptation of developing organisms to the environment that, if taken too far—as in the case of early traumatic experiences such as childhood maltreatment—lead to maladaptive developmental trajectories (psychopathology, pathophysiology). Animal models of early life adversity are paramount to understand the basic mechanisms and principles that translate early experience into developmental outcomes in our own species.

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Early adversity alters attention and locomotion in adult Sprague-Dawley rats.

Cited by 56 publications

References 79 publications

Early adversity and serotonin transporter genotype interact with hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor mRNA expression, corticosterone, and behavior in adult male rats.

Early adversity and serotonin transporter genotype interact with hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor mRNA expression, corticosterone, and behavior in adult male rats.

Artificial Rearing of Rat Pups Reveals the Beneficial Effects of Mother Care on Neonatal Inflammation and Adult Sensitivity to Pain

Animal Models of Developmental Psychopathology

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