Early alert and community involvement: approach for disaster risk reduction in Rwanda

Nahayo, Lamek; Mupenzi, Christophe; Kayiranga, Alphonse; Karamage, Fidele; Ndayisaba, Felix; Nyesheja, Enan Muhire; Li, Lanhai

doi:10.1007/s11069-016-2702-5

Cited by 32 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Hence, Rwanda’s topographic nature is entirely hilly, and the country’s steep slopes areas are extremely prone to landslides [ 14 , 16 ]. Moreover, as previously reported [ 12 , 17 ], Rwanda has a high density of landslides with a shortage of related scientific research, making it an excellent site for study using modeling techniques for prediction, therefore bridging scientific gaps of landslide studies in Rwanda. Although it is clear that landslides cause enormous damages in different parts of Rwanda, the causal factors that really influence them are still not well understood, and their susceptibility and critical high prone zones are still unidentified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Landslide Susceptibility Assessment Using Spatial Multi-Criteria Evaluation Model in Rwanda

Nsengiyumva

Luo

Nahayo

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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103

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Landslides susceptibility assessment has to be conducted to identify prone areas and guide risk management. Landslides in Rwanda are very deadly disasters. The current research aimed to conduct landslide susceptibility assessment by applying Spatial Multi-Criteria Evaluation Model with eight layers of causal factors including: slope, distance to roads, lithology, precipitation, soil texture, soil depth, altitude and land cover. In total, 980 past landslide locations were mapped. The relationship between landslide factors and inventory map was calculated using the Spatial Multi-Criteria Evaluation. The results revealed that susceptibility is spatially distributed countrywide with 42.3% of the region classified from moderate to very high susceptibility, and this is inhabited by 49.3% of the total population. In addition, Provinces with high to very high susceptibility are West, North and South (40.4%, 22.8% and 21.5%, respectively). Subsequently, the Eastern Province becomes the peak under low susceptibility category (87.8%) with no very high susceptibility (0%). Based on these findings, the employed model produced accurate and reliable outcome in terms of susceptibility, since 49.5% of past landslides fell within the very high susceptibility category, which confirms the model’s performance. The outcomes of this study will be useful for future initiatives related to landslide risk reduction and management.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Landslide Susceptibility Assessment Using Spatial Multi-Criteria Evaluation Model in Rwanda

Nsengiyumva

Luo

Nahayo

et al. 2018

IJERPH

Self Cite

103

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“…In recent years, the nation's water resources have been threatened by various sources of pollution such as industrial effluents, fertilizers, chemical pesticides, and wastewaters associated with population pressure and unplanned urbanization [42]- [52]. Pressure on water resources has been reported to be among the major environmental problems due to soil erosion [19], deforestation, wetland degradation and pollution [53] [54] [55].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Need for Awareness of Drinking Water Loss Reduction for Sustainable Water Resource Management in Rwanda

Karamage¹,

Zhang²,

Ndayisaba³

et al. 2016

GEP

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Drinking water loss or Non-Revenue Water (NRW) threatens the financial viability of water utilities and sustainable natural water resource management. However, little attention has been paid to quantitative assessment of the spatial distribution of water losses in Rwanda. Therefore, this study focused on the magnitude of water losses, the associated environmental and socioeconomic consequences, as well as the potential benefits from water loss reduction in Rwanda. Based on water usage records from the Water and Sanitation Corporation (WASAC) of Rwanda, NRW was calculated for 15 WASAC branches and Provinces, from July 2013 to June 2014, by using the International Water Association (IWA) standard water balance approach. The results highlight an annual NRW of 16,502,198 or 41% of the total water produced, inducing a revenue loss of US$ 8,713,156. In 14 of the 15 WASAC water branches and all Rwandan provinces, the NRW ratios exceed the NRW threshold (10%) recommended by the American Water Works Association (AWWA). Because of the lost revenue, the water facilities may not expand quickly enough to meet the demands of the rapidly growing population. The suggested 50% reduction in NRW would provide additional 8,251,100 m 3 of treated water yearly, enough to serve extra 41,925 households or irrigate 661 ha of cropland and save US$ 4,356,579, which would reduce the financial gap in Rwanda's National Water Improvement Project by more than 24%.

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“…There are two dry seasons: the first and short dry season starts from late December to the end of February, while the longer one lasts from June to early September, with an average temperature ranging between 19 to 27ºC (Colón-González et al, 2016). In Rwanda, it is reported that global warming is causing unequal rainfall distribution associated with its high population density practicing subsistence agriculture (about 80%) on steep slope land (around 60% of the total land), which easily cause erosion and trigger hydrological disasters such as slope wash, debris flow and mudflow, while the landslides and floods are the major concerns among others (Nahayo et al, 2017;Nsengiyumva et al, 2018).…”

Section: Description Of the Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Change Vulnerability in Rwanda, East Africa

Nahayo

Nsengiyumva

Mupenzi

et al. 2019

International Journal of Geography and Geology

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This study aims to spatially assess the flood vulnerability then suggests appropriate vulnerability lessening and adaptation mechanisms in Rwanda. Six vulnerability factors namely the rainfall and temperature, total population, access to communication tools, poverty level and number of schools were analyzed. The Weighting Linear Combination (WLC) method in ArcGIS is used to analyze these factors and spread the resulting flood vulnerability countrywide. The results showed high flood vulnerability within the northern, western and southern provinces and Kigali city of Rwanda. This vulnerability is likely to rise due to the noticed low possession of communication tools and education delivery, which could help to enhance the risk awareness and preparedness among the vulnerable communities. The results of this study can help policy makers to understand the required community's vulnerability lessening measures and ensure spread of mitigation and adaptation policies as per vulnerability extent within Rwanda. Contribution/Originality: The paper primary contribution is finding that climate change risk, mainly the flooding are gradually causing severe losses and damages in Rwanda. Thus, the mapped flood vulnerability can be useful to policy makers to better recognize the required vulnerability lessening policies based on the actual circumstances. 1. INTRODUCTION Under climate change, it is predicted that the temperature and precipitation will rise by about 2 o C, and 1 to 2%, respectively, in the next decades, and this consequently, will cause wet places to become much wetter and dry places will be much drier (Fosu-Mensah et al., 2012; Dami et al., 2017). The changing climate risks such as droughts, Tsunamis, water borne diseases, heatwaves, storm winds, floods, landslides, etc., caused by rainfall and temperature patterns are severely causing immense losses among the communities. The poor and vulnerable people are largely affected primarily due to lack of risk awareness, adaptation and financial capabilities (Hirabayashi et al., 2013; Oruonye and Ahmed, 2017; Ullah et al., 2018).Within the East Africa, where Rwanda is located, more than 90 percent of the recorded natural disasters are hydro-meteorological caused by climate change causing serve losses

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Early alert and community involvement: approach for disaster risk reduction in Rwanda

Cited by 32 publications

References 41 publications

Landslide Susceptibility Assessment Using Spatial Multi-Criteria Evaluation Model in Rwanda

Landslide Susceptibility Assessment Using Spatial Multi-Criteria Evaluation Model in Rwanda

The Need for Awareness of Drinking Water Loss Reduction for Sustainable Water Resource Management in Rwanda

Climate Change Vulnerability in Rwanda, East Africa

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