Early and long-term antibody kinetics of asymptomatic and mild disease COVID-19 patients

Efrati, Shai; Catalogna, Merav; Hamed, Ramzia Abu; Hadanny, Amir; Bar‐Chaim, Adina; Benveniste‐Levkovitz, Patricia; Strugo, Refael; Levtzion‐Korach, Osnat

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-318368/v1

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The positivity and levels of anti-S IgG were found to negatively correlate with age and positively with symptom severity, which is consistent with previous studies [45,46]. Increased symptoms severity, late Ab response, and elevated viral loads could stand behind the higher Ab concentration in sera of older patients compared to younger ones, especially at longer times (6 months) post infection.…”

Section: Plos Onesupporting

confidence: 90%

Immunoglobulins response of COVID-19 patients, COVID-19 vaccine recipients, and random individuals

et al. 2023

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Background The development of specific immunoglobulins to COVID-19 after natural infection or vaccination has been proposed. The efficacy and dynamics of this response are not clear yet. Aim This study aims to analyze the immunoglobulins response among COVID-19 patients, COVID-19 vaccine recipients and random individuals. Methods A total of 665 participants including 233 COVID-19 patients, 288 COVID-19 vaccine recipients, and 144 random individuals were investigated for anti-COVID-19 immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, IgM). Results Among COVID-19 patients, 22.7% had detectable IgA antibodies with a mean of 27.3±57.1 ng/ml, 29.6% had IgM antibodies with a mean of 188.4±666.0 BAU/ml, while 59.2% had IgG antibodies with a mean of 101.7±139.7 BAU/ml. Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine recipients had positive IgG in 99.3% with a mean of 515.5±1143.5 BAU/ml while 85.7% of Sinopharm vaccine recipients had positive IgG with a mean of 170.0±230.0 BAU/ml. Regarding random individuals, 54.9% had positive IgG with a mean of 164.3±214 BAU/ml. The peak IgM response in COVID-19 patients was detected early at 15–22 days, followed by IgG peak at 16–30 days, and IgA peak at 0–60 days. IgM antibodies disappeared at 61–90 days, while IgG and IgA antibodies decreased slowly after the peak and remained detectable up to 300 days. The frequency of IgG positivity among patients was significantly affected by increased age, admission department (inpatient or outpatient), symptoms, need for oxygen therapy, and increased duration between positive COVID-19 RT PCR test and serum sampling (p˂0.05). Positive correlations were noted between different types of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, and IgA) among patients. Conclusions Natural infection and COIVD-19 vaccines provide IgG-mediated immunity. The class, positivity, mean, efficacy, and duration of immunoglobulins response are affected by the mechanism of immunity and host related variables. Random community individuals had detectable COVID-19 IgG at ~55%, far from reaching herd immunity levels.

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Section: Plos Onesupporting

confidence: 90%

Immunoglobulins response of COVID-19 patients, COVID-19 vaccine recipients, and random individuals

et al. 2023

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“…Increased levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) have also been observed, which plateaus after the 6th day among symptomatic patients [32,33]. Moreover, significantly elevated levels of IgG against spike and nucleocapsid were found in symptomatic compared to asymptomatic cases [34,35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probing SARS-CoV-2-positive plasma to identify potential factors correlating with mild COVID-19 in Ghana, West Africa

Tapela

Oyawoye

Olwal

et al. 2022

BMC Med

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Background West Africa has recorded a relatively higher proportion of asymptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases than the rest of the world, and West Africa-specific host factors could play a role in this discrepancy. Here, we assessed the association between COVID-19 severity among Ghanaians with their immune profiles and ABO blood groups. Methods Plasma samples were obtained from Ghanaians PCR-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-positive individuals. The participants were categorized into symptomatic and asymptomatic cases. Cytokine profiling and antibody quantification were performed using Luminex™ multiplex assay whereas antigen-driven agglutination assay was used to assess the ABO blood groups. Immune profile levels between symptomatic and asymptomatic groups were compared using the two-tailed Mann-Whitney U test. Multiple comparisons of cytokine levels among and between days were tested using Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn’s post hoc test. Correlations within ABO blood grouping (O’s and non-O’s) and between cytokines were determined using Spearman correlations. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association of various cytokines with asymptomatic phenotype. Results There was a trend linking blood group O to reduced disease severity, but this association was not statistically significant. Generally, symptomatic patients displayed significantly (p < 0.05) higher cytokine levels compared to asymptomatic cases with exception of Eotaxin, which was positively associated with asymptomatic cases. There were also significant (p < 0.05) associations between other immune markers (IL-6, IL-8 and IL-1Ra) and disease severity. Cytokines’ clustering patterns differ between symptomatic and asymptomatic cases. We observed a steady decrease in the concentration of most cytokines over time, while anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels were stable for at least a month, regardless of the COVID-19 status. Conclusions The findings suggest that genetic background and pre-existing immune response patterns may in part shape the nature of the symptomatic response against COVID-19 in a West African population. This study offers clear directions to be explored further in larger studies.

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“…12,13 The patients may also experience a range of clinical manifestations including asymptomatic, mild, moderate, severe or critical illness with varying signs and symptoms including, respiratory failure, septic shock, and multiple organ dysfunction. [14][15][16] Within 4 weeks after infection, most people infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus develop neutralizing antibodies. 17 However, the strength and duration of the immune responses to the virus are not completely understood, and some evidence shows that they vary by age and the severity of the disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory Findings in Different Disease Status of COVID-19 Admitted Patients at Dilla University Referral Hospital Treatment Center, South Ethiopia

Churiso¹,

Diriba²,

Girma³

et al. 2022

IDR

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Background: Millions were infected and many were dying because of the coronavirus disease 2019, since its emergence. The patients experience asymptomatic, mild, moderate, severe and critical disease with varying signs and symptoms. Decreased lymphocytes and abnormal liver and renal function tests are common among COVID-19 patients. Severe and critical cases show higher number of white blood cells, and neutrophils. However, studies showed different laboratory findings in different disease status. Therefore, this study investigated laboratory findings of COVID-19 admitted patients at Dilla University Referral Hospital treatment center, South Ethiopia. Methods: A retrospective study design was conducted on 220 patients confirmed by real time polymerase chain reaction, and admitted to Dilla University Referral Hospital treatment center from September 2020 to July 2021. Data were collected from the patients' record, and analyzed by GraphPad Prism version 8.0.1.244 software. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the frequency while independent t-test was used to compare means of each parameter for each disease status. Results: Of the 220 study cases, 120 (54.5%) were severe, 89 (40.5%) were moderate and 11 (5.0%) were mild. One hundred forty (71.1%) of the 197 laboratory tested cases, 87 (77.7%) of severe, and 49 (64.5%) of the moderate cases had neutrophils above normal range. However, 134 (68.0%) of them, 82 (73.2%) of severe and 49 (64.5%) of moderate cases showed decreased lymphocyte level. Most of the cases showed an increased level of aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, and total calcium. There was statistically significant mean neutrophils (p=0.04), number of white blood cells (p= 0.02), and creatinine level (p=0.00) difference between severe and mild cases. Conclusion: Most of the severe COVID-19 patients showed increased neutrophils, liver function tests; and decreased lymphocytes; suggesting higher inflammation and lymphopenia. Therefore, patients with severe and critical disease status require close follow-up.

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Early and long-term antibody kinetics of asymptomatic and mild disease COVID-19 patients

Cited by 6 publications

References 23 publications

Immunoglobulins response of COVID-19 patients, COVID-19 vaccine recipients, and random individuals

Immunoglobulins response of COVID-19 patients, COVID-19 vaccine recipients, and random individuals

Probing SARS-CoV-2-positive plasma to identify potential factors correlating with mild COVID-19 in Ghana, West Africa

Laboratory Findings in Different Disease Status of COVID-19 Admitted Patients at Dilla University Referral Hospital Treatment Center, South Ethiopia

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