Early Angiosperm Diversification: The Diversity of Pollen Associated with Angiosperm Reproductive Structures in Early Cretaceous Floras from Portugal

Friis, Else Marie; Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard; Crane, Peter R.

doi:10.2307/2666179

Cited by 230 publications

(212 citation statements)

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“…In particular, because they had not been studied before, mesofossils are adding a new set of valuable information that is changing our concept of early angiosperm diversity. The Lower Cretaceous sediments from Portugal have yielded 105 different kinds of flowers with 13 associated pollen types (35). The lower Upper Cretaceous sediments from New Jersey are yielding a large number of new taxa (29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)36).…”

Section: H Ere I Focus On the Fossil Record Of The Same Plants That Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward a new synthesis: Major evolutionary trends in the angiosperm fossil record

Dilcher

2000

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

183

109

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Angiosperm paleobotany has widened its horizons, incorporated new techniques, developed new databases, and accepted new questions that can now focus on the evolution of the group. The fossil record of early flowering plants is now playing an active role in addressing questions of angiosperm phylogeny, angiosperm origins, and angiosperm radiations. Three basic nodes of angiosperm radiations are identified: (i ) the closed carpel and showy radially symmetrical flower, (ii ) the bilateral flower, and (iii ) fleshy fruits and nutritious nuts and seeds. These are all coevolutionary events and spread out through time during angiosperm evolution. The proposal is made that the genetics of the angiosperms pressured the evolution of the group toward reproductive systems that favored outcrossing. This resulted in the strongest selection in the angiosperms being directed toward the flower, fruits, and seeds. That is why these organs often provide the best systematic characters for the group.

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Section: H Ere I Focus On the Fossil Record Of The Same Plants That Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward a new synthesis: Major evolutionary trends in the angiosperm fossil record

Dilcher

2000

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

183

109

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“…This diversification and local abundance in particular environments explains why Friis and colleagues (e.g., refs. [48][49][50][51] found very diverse and abundant angiosperm mesofossil flowers, fruits, and seeds in Portuguese stratigraphic horizons now considered as Late Aptian-Early Albian in age (16), whereas older Aptian mesofossil floras (e.g., Torres Vedras, Catefica) were less diversified and mainly consisted of the early diverging clades [e.g., Austrobaileyales (Anacostia) and Chloranthaceae (Pennipollis) plant; refs. 51 and 52].…”

Section: Darwin's Abominable Mysterymentioning

confidence: 99%

Rise to dominance of angiosperm pioneers in European Cretaceous environments

Coiffard

Gómez

Daviero‐Gomez

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The majority of environments are dominated by flowering plants today, but it is uncertain how this dominance originated. This increase in angiosperm diversity happened during the Cretaceous period (ca. 145-65 Ma) and led to replacement and often extinction of gymnosperms and ferns. We propose a scenario for the rise to dominance of the angiosperms from the Barremian (ca. 130 Ma) to the Campanian (ca. 84 Ma) based on the European megafossil plant record. These megafossil data demonstrate that angiosperms migrated into new environments in three phases: (i) Barremian (ca. 130-125 Ma) freshwater lake-related wetlands; (ii) Aptian-Albian (ca. 125-100 Ma) understory floodplains (excluding levees and back swamps); and (iii) Cenomanian-Campanian (ca. 100-84 Ma) natural levees, back swamps, and coastal swamps. This scenario allows for the measured evolution of angiosperms in time and space synthesizing changes in the physical environment with concomitant changes in the biological environment. This view of angiosperm radiation in three phases reconciles previous scenarios based on the North American record. The Cretaceous plant record that can be observed in Europe is exceptional in many ways. (i) Angiosperms are well preserved from the Barremian to the Maastrichtian (ca. 65 Ma). (ii) Deposits are well constrained and dated stratigraphically. (iii) They encompass a full range of environments. (iv) European paleobotany provides many detailed studies of Cretaceous floras for analysis. These factors make a robust dataset for the study of angiosperm evolution from the Barremian to the Campanian that can be traced through various ecosystems and related to other plant groups occupying the same niches.

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“…A more secure record of Chloranthaceae consists of female flowers (fruits) and inflorescences of unistaminate male flowers with pollen of the Asteropollis type (Hedlund and Norris 1968;Friis et al 1999;Eklund et al 2004;Figure 3(k)), from the early Albian and possibly Aptian (Torres Vedras). This pollen resembles Clavatipollenites in exine structure but differs in having a four-or fivebranched sulcus, like pollen of Hedyosmum (Walker and Walker 1984), and the fruits resemble those of Hedyosmum in having three tepals on top.…”

Section: Chloranthaceae and Relativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recognising angiosperm clades in the Early Cretaceous fossil record

Doyle

2014

Historical Biology

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Studies of the earliest Cretaceous angiosperms in the 1970s made only broad comparisons with living taxa, but discoveries of fossil flowers and increasingly robust molecular phylogenies of living angiosperms allow more secure recognition of extant clades. The middle to late Albian rise of tricolpate pollen and the first local dominance of angiosperm leaves mark the influx of near-basal lines of eudicots. Associated flowers indicate that palmately lobed 'platanoids' and Sapindopsis are both stem relatives of Platanus, while Nelumbites was related to Nelumbo (also Proteales) and Spanomera to Buxaceae. Monocots are attested by Aptian Liliacidites pollen and Acaciaephyllum leaves and Albian araceous inflorescences. Several Albian-Cenomanian fossils belong to Magnoliidae in the revised monophyletic sense, including Archaeanthus in Magnoliales and Virginianthus and Mauldinia in Laurales, while late Barremian pollen tetrads (Walkeripollis) are related to Winteraceae. In the basal ANITA grade, Nymphaeales are represented by Aptian and Albian flowers and whole plants (Monetianthus, Carpestella and Pluricarpellatia). Epidermal similarities of lower Potomac leaves to woody members of the ANITA grade are consistent with Albian flowers assignable to Austrobaileyales (Anacostia). Aptian to Cenomanian mesofossils represent both crown group Chloranthaceae (Asteropollis plant) and stem relatives of Chloranthaceae and/or Ceratophyllum (Canrightia, Zlatkocarpus, Pennipollis plant and possibly Appomattoxia).

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Early Angiosperm Diversification: The Diversity of Pollen Associated with Angiosperm Reproductive Structures in Early Cretaceous Floras from Portugal

Cited by 230 publications

References 1 publication

Toward a new synthesis: Major evolutionary trends in the angiosperm fossil record

Toward a new synthesis: Major evolutionary trends in the angiosperm fossil record

Rise to dominance of angiosperm pioneers in European Cretaceous environments

Recognising angiosperm clades in the Early Cretaceous fossil record

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