Early auditory information processing in schizophrenia: A preliminary report

Thalamocortical abnormalities in auditory brainstem response patterns distinguish DSM-IV bipolar disorder type I from schizophrenia

“…ABR studies investigating schizophrenia have shown contradicting results. Several studies have found significant differences between SZ patients and healthy controls when investigating parameters such as latencies, amplitudes, missing peaks and differences between left and right ear (Grillon et al, 1990;Hayashida et al, 1986;Igata et al, 1994;Lindström et al, 1987Lindström et al, , 1990, whereas other studies found no significant differences (Brecher and Begleiter, 1985;Josiassen et al, 1980;McKay et al, 2000;Pfefferbaum et al, 1980). Most of the studies reporting differences did so for a subgroup of patients, which may be due to heterogeneity among SZ patients.…”

“…Bipolar disorder patients have not explicitly been studied before. Two studies with a small number of bipolar patients of which one examined the impact of hallucinatory behavior in mixed groups of psychotic patients reported no significant differences between study groups (Josiassen et al, 1980;McKay et al 2000).…”

Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation Alters Auditory Steady-State Oscillatory Rhythms and Their Cross-Frequency Couplings

“…Deficits in low-level, sensory/perceptual processes in schizophrenia underly and contribute to cognitive impairment, a primary core feature of this disorder that is associated with poor psychosocial outcomes. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Notably evident in the auditory domain and linked to structural abnormalities in the auditory cortex, 7 disruptions in auditory sensory processes in schizophrenia are most effectively demonstrated using noninvasive electrophysiological measures, including electroencephalographically (EEG)-derived event-related potentials (ERPs) [8][9][10][11][12] and steady-state oscillatory responses (SSRs). 13 Elicited by temporally modulated auditory stimulation (amplitude modulated tones or click trains), the auditory steady-state response (ASSR) indexes the entrainment of EEG oscillations to the frequency (and phase) of the periodic auditory stimulus and, in the gamma frequency range (40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49)(50) primarily reflects activity generated in the auditory cortex and associated neural pathways.…”

Synchronized Auditory Gamma Response to Frontal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) and its Inter-Individual Variation in Healthy Humans

“…Underlying and contributing to these cognitive impairments are deficits in lowlevel, sensory/perceptual processes, [3][4][5][6] which are particularly evident in the auditory domain and are linked to structural abnormalities in the post-mortem auditory cortex. 7 Abnormalities in auditory sensory/perceptual processing in schizophrenia are most effectively demonstrated using noninvasive neurophysiological measures, including event-related potentials (ERP) [8][9][10][11][12] and steady state oscillatory responses (SSR), both derived from the electroencephalogram (EEG). 13 The auditory steady state response (ASSR), elicited by temporally modulated auditory stimulation (amplitude-modulated tones or click trains), reflects the entrainment of EEG oscillations to the frequency (and phase) of the stimulus and, in the gamma frequency range (40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49)(50) is primarily generated by auditory pathways and auditory cortex activity.…”

“…Abnormalities in auditory sensory/perceptual processing in schizophrenia are most effectively demonstrated using non-invasive neurophysiological measures, including event-related potentials (ERP) 8-12 and steady state oscillatory responses (SSR), both derived from the electroencephalogram (EEG). 13 The auditory steady state response (ASSR), elicited by temporally modulated auditory stimulation (amplitude-modulated tones or click trains), reflects the entrainment of EEG oscillations to the frequency (and phase) of the stimulus and, in the gamma frequency range (40-50 Hz) is primarily generated by auditory pathways and auditory cortex activity.…”