Early Autonomic Dysfunction in Glucose-Tolerant but Insulin-Resistant Offspring of Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Frontoni, Simona; Bracaglia, Daniela; Baroni, Alessandra; Pellegrini, Fabio; Perna, Michela; Cicconetti, Elena; Ciampittiello, G.; Menzinger, G.; Gambardella, S.

doi:10.1161/01.hyp.0000073062.29546.01

Cited by 49 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Glucocorticoids have a diabetogenic function that interferes with insulin action in different levels, such as dysfunction in glucose transport to intracellular space through GLUT4 (32). The increased insulin levels could be explained by SANS hyperactivity, which release noradrenaline and will bind to pancreatic β2-adrenergic receptor, producing increased release of insulin (33).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of chronic stress and high-fat diet on metabolic and nutritional parameters in Wistar rats

Bruder‐Nascimento

Campos

Alves

et al. 2013

Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab

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Objective: The aim of this study was assess the role of chronic stress on the metabolic and nutritional profile of rats exposed to a high-fat diet. Materials and methods: Thirty-day-old male Wistar rats (70-100 g) were distributed into four groups: normal-diet (NC), chronic stress (St), high-fat diet (HD), and chronic stress/high-fat diet (HD/St). Stress consisted at immobilization during 15 weeks, 5 times per week, 1h per day; and exposure to the high-fat diet lasted 15 weeks. Nutritional and metabolic parameters were assessed. The level of significance was 5%. Results: The HD group had final body weight, total fat, as well as insulin and leptin increased, and they were insulin resistant. The St and HD/St had arterial hypertension and increased levels of corticosterone. Stress blocked the effects of the high-fat diet. Conclusion: Chronic stress prevented the appearance of obesity. Our results help to clarify the mechanisms involved in metabolic and nutritional dysfunction, and contribute to clinical cases linked to stress and high-fat diet. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2013;57(8):642-9 Keywords Chronic stress; high-fat diet; calorie intake and food intake RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o papel do estresse crônico sobre parâmetros metabólicos e nutricionais de ratos expostos à dieta rica em gordura. Materiais e métodos: Ratos Wistar machos (30 dias de idade/70-100 g) foram distribuídos em quatro grupos: dieta-normal (NC), estresse crônico (St), dieta rica em gordura (HD) e estresse crônico/dieta rica em gordura (HD/St). O estresse consistiu em imobilização durante 15 semanas, 5 vezes por semana 1h por dia e a dieta rica em gordura foi oferecida por 15 semanas. Parâmetros nutricionais e metabólicos foram avaliados. O nível de significância foi de 5%. Resultados: HD tiveram peso corpóreo, gordura total e níveis de insulina e leptina aumentados e foram resistentes à insulina. Os grupos St e HD/St manifestaram hipertensão e níveis séricos de corticosterona elevados. O estresse bloqueou os efeitos da dieta. Conclusão: O estresse impediu o surgimento dela. Nossos resultados ajudam compreender os mecanismos envolvidos na disfunção metabólica e nutricional e contribuem para casos clínicos de estresse e dietas ricas em gorduras. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2013;57(8):642-9 Descritores Estresse crônico; dieta rica em gordura; consumo calórico e metabolismo

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of chronic stress and high-fat diet on metabolic and nutritional parameters in Wistar rats

Bruder‐Nascimento

Campos

Alves

et al. 2013

Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab

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“…Previous evidence has shown that the offspring of individuals with type 2 diabetes have an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes, with defects in early beta cell secretion [22][23][24][25]. It has also been suggested that these offspring have early autonomic dysfunction, even in the absence of glucose intolerance [26], and more often display metabolic abnormalities with high insulin levels and arterial hypertension [27,28]. In a previous community-based cohort, parental diabetes appeared to be an independent predictor of longitudinal changes in both systolic and diastolic BPs in the offspring, regardless of race and sex [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental history of type 2 diabetes, TCF7L2 variant and lower insulin secretion are associated with incident hypertension. Data from the DESIR and RISC cohorts

Bonnet¹,

Roussel

Natali³

et al. 2013

Diabetologia

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Aims/hypothesis The relationship between insulin secretion and the incidence of hypertension has not been well characterised. We hypothesised that both a parental history of diabetes and TCF7L2 rs7903146 polymorphism, which increases susceptibility to diabetes because of impaired beta cell function, are associated with incident hypertension. In a separate cohort, we assessed whether low insulin secretion is related to incident hypertension. Methods Nine year incident hypertension was studied in 2,391 normotensive participants from the Data from an Epidemiological Study on the Insulin Resistance Syndrome (DESIR) cohort. The relationship between insulin secretion and 3 year incident hypertension was investigated in 1,047 non-diabetic, normotensive individuals from the Relationship between Insulin Sensitivity and Cardiovascular Disease (RISC) cohort. Insulin secretion during OGTT was expressed in relation to the degree of insulin resistance, as assessed by a hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp. Results In the DESIR cohort, a parental history of diabetes and the TCF7L2 at-risk variant were both associated with hypertension incidence at year 9, independently of waist circumference, BP, fasting glucose, insulin levels and HOMA-IR at inclusion (p=0.02 for parental history, p=0.006 for Members of the DESIR Study Group and the RISC investigators are listed in the electronic supplementary material (ESM).Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00125-013-3021-y) contains peer-reviewed but unedited supplementary material, which is available to authorised users.

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“…21 Interestingly, insulin resistance is associated with abnormal control of blood pressure and sympathetic activation even in the healthy offspring of T2DM patients. 22 Our study cohort included subjects who did not have any previously known abnormality in glucose tolerance but the OGTT revealed that 17% of them showed impaired glucose regulation. Majority of them were in the pre-diabetes state and only a few of them were T2DM patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-dipping pattern in ambulatory blood pressure monitoring is associated with metabolic abnormalities in a random sample of middle-aged subjects

2009

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A reduction in the blood pressure decline at night (o10% from daytime systolic blood pressure (SBP)) during 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) ('non-dipping pattern') is associated with cardiovascular morbidity. Our aim was to evaluate whether ABPM characteristics are associated with metabolic abnormalities in subjects without known hypertension or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This is a cross-sectional population-based study on middle-aged subjects (n¼462). Two distinct definitions of metabolic syndrome (MetS) were used: National Cholesterol Education Program-Third Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP-ATPIII) and International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. Results suggested that subjects characterized by non-dipping in 24 h ABPM were more obese (P¼0.014). After adjustment for body mass index, age and sex, non-dippers had higher verylow-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-cholesterol (P¼0.003), total (P¼0.029)-and VLDL-triglycerides (P¼0.026) and oral glucose tolerance test 2 h blood glucose (P¼0.027) compared with dippers. Non-dipping status was more common among subjects with MetS (Pp0.01), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) (Po0.05) and in those with the combination of IGT-T2DM (Pp0.01) than among those without these abnormalities. ABPM non-dipping status was an independent predictor of IGT in multivariate models (Po0.05). With respect to MetS components, high triglycerides (Pp0.005) and low high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (Po0.05) were associated with a non-dipping pattern. The percentage decline in blood pressure from day to night decreased with the number of metabolic abnormalities (P¼0.012). In conclusion, ABPM non-dipping status is an independent predictor of glucose intolerance. It is also associated with several other metabolic abnormalities. Whether non-dipping pattern is causally related to these metabolic aberrations remains to be explored in a future prospective follow-up of this cohort.

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Early Autonomic Dysfunction in Glucose-Tolerant but Insulin-Resistant Offspring of Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Cited by 49 publications

References 34 publications

Effects of chronic stress and high-fat diet on metabolic and nutritional parameters in Wistar rats

Effects of chronic stress and high-fat diet on metabolic and nutritional parameters in Wistar rats

Parental history of type 2 diabetes, TCF7L2 variant and lower insulin secretion are associated with incident hypertension. Data from the DESIR and RISC cohorts

Non-dipping pattern in ambulatory blood pressure monitoring is associated with metabolic abnormalities in a random sample of middle-aged subjects

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