Early body size and subsequent weight again as predictors of breast cancer incidence (Iowa, United States)

Barnes–Josiah, Debora; Potter, John D.; Sellers, Thomas A.; Himes, John H.

doi:10.1007/bf00052771

Cited by 99 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Excluding the 3% postmenopausal estrogen users from analysis did not alter the association of weight gain with postmenopausal breast cancer. In our study, we also found that weight gain is the main player in the inverse association of BMI at age 20 with postmenopausal breast cancer, a finding similar to that of the Iowa Women's Health Study 38 but disagree with that of the Nurse's Health Study. 10 Our findings are biologically plausible since weight gain during adulthood is accounted for largely by an increase in fat tissue, and excess body fat has been found to increase extra-ovarian production of estrogen and decrease sex hormone-binding globulin among postmenopausal women.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 63%

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Association of body size and fat distribution with risk of breast cancer among Chinese women

et al. 2001

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Most previous studies addressing the association of body size, weight change and body fat distribution with the risk of breast cancer were conducted in Western societies with a high proportion of overweight people. It remains unclear whether the dose-response relation observed in earlier studies can be extended to women with "normal" weight based on prevailing Western standards. To address this issue, we analyzed data from a population-based case-control study of breast cancer recently completed among Chinese women in urban Shanghai. In-person interviews and anthropometric measurements were completed for 1,459 women newly diagnosed with breast cancer from 25 to 64 years of age and 1,556 controls frequency-matched to cases on age. Unconditional logistic regression was employed to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) related to anthropometric variables and self-reported body weight. Currently measured weight, body mass index [BMI: weight (kg)/height(m) 2 ] or height was each found to be positively related to risk of postmenopausal breast cancer in a doseresponse manner, with ORs (95% CI) being 2.0 (1.4 -3.0), 2.0 (1.2-3.2) or 1.7 (1.2-2.5), respectively, for the highest category of weight, BMI or height compared to the lowest category of these variables. These variables were unrelated to premenopausal breast cancer risk. Reported weight at ages >40 years and weight gain after age 20 were more predictive for postmenopausal breast cancer than weight at an earlier age. After adjustment for BMI, waist-to-hip ratio was related to an increased risk of premenopausal [OR ‫؍‬ 1.7 (1.3-2.3) for the highest category compared to the lowest category] but not postmenopausal breast cancer. This study suggests that, even in a relatively thin Chinese population, weight gain and height are related to an increased risk of postmenopausal breast cancer, while central fat distribution was associated with premenopausal breast cancer. General weight control may be an effective measurement for breast cancer prevention. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Key words: obesity, fat distribution, breast cancerObesity has been found to be associated with an increased risk of breast cancer among postmenopausal women and unrelated to or related to a reduced risk of breast cancer risk among premenopausal women in many epidemiological studies. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] The association of body fat distribution with breast cancer has not been well characterized. It has been suggested that central obesity, mainly measured by the waist-to-hip ratio, is positively associated with an increased risk of breast cancer among all women, 14 -17 among postmenopausal women 18 -21 and among premenopausal women. 13 The vast majority of published results were based on studies conducted in Western countries where the prevalence of obesity is high. Only a limited number of studies have been conducted to evaluate breast cancer risk in populations in which a vast majority of women are classified as thin or of normal weight accordi...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 63%

“…This finding is consistent with those observed in the United States and European countries. 5,10,35,[37][38][39] In the large Adjusted for age, education, family history of breast cancer, ever had fibroadenoma, age at menarche, age at first live birth, exercise and age at menopause for postmenopausal women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of body size and fat distribution with risk of breast cancer among Chinese women

et al. 2001

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“…Women who were perimenopausal at recruitment were excluded in this analysis. 2 Stratified by center and age at second weight assessment. 3 Stratified by center and age at second weight assessment, adjusted for BMI at recruitment (cont), smoking status and intensity (cat), alcohol user (yes/no), alcohol consumption (cont), education (cat), physical activity (cat), age at menarche (cat), age at first full-term pregnancy (cat), use of oral contraceptives (cat), menopausal status (cat), HRT use (cat), energy intake (cont) and time between two weight assessments (cont).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the results of cohort [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] and case-control studies, [12][13][14][15][16][17] the World Cancer Research Fund states that longterm adult weight gain (i.e., recalled weight gain since age 20) increases the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer and grades this relation as "probable". 18 Most studies investigated the association between longterm weight gain and breast cancer risk without a focus on a particular period in life.…”

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confidence: 99%

Weight change in middle adulthood and breast cancer risk in the EPIC-PANACEA study

et al. 2014

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Long‐term weight gain (i.e., weight gain since age 20) has been related to higher risk of postmenopausal breast cancer, but a lower risk of premenopausal breast cancer. The effect of weight change in middle adulthood is unclear. We investigated the association between weight change in middle adulthood (i.e., women aged 40–50 years) and the risk of breast cancer before and after the age of 50. We included female participants of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort, with information on anthropometric measures at recruitment and after a median follow‐up of 4.3 years. Annual weight change was categorized using quintiles taking quintile 2 and 3 as the reference category (−0.44 to 0.36 kg/year). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to examine the association. 205,723 women were included and 4,663 incident breast cancer cases were diagnosed during a median follow‐up of 7.5 years (from second weight assessment onward). High weight gain (Q5: 0.83–4.98 kg/year) was related to a slightly, but significantly higher breast cancer risk (HRQ5_versus_Q2/3: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.01−1.18). The association was more pronounced for breast cancer diagnosed before or at age 50 (HRQ5_versus_Q2/3: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.02−1.85). Weight loss was not associated with breast cancer risk. There was no evidence for heterogeneity by hormone receptor status. In conclusion, high weight gain in middle adulthood increases the risk of breast cancer. The association seems to be more pronounced for breast cancer diagnosed before or at age 50. Our results illustrate the importance of avoiding weight gain in middle adulthood.

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“…Both overweight and body weight uctuations during adult life are related to chronic disease risk. 1 ± 3 In particular, high weight gain has been associated with an increased morbidity from breast cancer, 4,5 cardiovascular disease in middle 6 and later 7 adulthood, and diabetes. 1 Still, the evidence for the effects of low weight, as well as weight loss or gain is somewhat controversial, with respect to the optimal weight for longevity, and it remains unclear which periods of life might be most crucial concerning weight-related health outcomes in old age.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sociodemographic factors associated with long-term weight gain, current body fatness and central adiposity in Swedish women

et al. 2000

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OBJECTIVES: To examine sociodemographic factors associated with long-term adult weight gain and current general and central adiposity in women. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis based on data from the Malmo È Diet and Cancer prospective cohort Study (MDCS), Sweden. SUBJECTS: 5464 women aged 45 ± 73 y, who participated in the MDCS between 1994 and 1996. MEASUREMENTS: Weight change was de®ned as the difference between measured weight and recalled weight at age 20. Body composition was estimated from bioelectrical impedance analysis. Waist circumference and waist-hip ratio (WHR) were indicators of central obesity. Sociodemographic factors studied included reproductive, lifestyle and socioeconomic characteristics obtained from a questionnaire. RESULTS: At current age 13% of all women were obese (BMI ! 30), and nearly one-third had a body fat content of b33%. Since age 20, the majority of women (77%) had gained more than 10% of their initial weight. On average, the mean weight change was 12.6 AE 10.0 kg during adult life. Age-adjusted group mean comparisons identi®ed a number of signi®cant sociodemographic variables predicting past weight gain and current obesity. In multivariate analysis, signi®cant independent correlates of weight gain were: age, initial small body size, high parity, early menarche, nonuse of hormone therapy, low self-rated health, non-smoking, no consumption of alcohol, sedentary leisure activity, past change in diet, retirement, low education, low socioeconomic status, and low socioeconomic status of origin. Many of the same variables were independently associated with current waist circumference, WHR, and percentage body fat. CONCLUSIONS: Large weight gain during adult life and a high rate of overweight were observed in this group of Swedish women. Many sociodemographic characteristics were associated with long-term weight gain and recent obesity indices. Initial BMI, smoking, age, physical activity and early socioeconomic status accounted for most of the explained variance in weight change. The ®ndings indicate the importance of identifying environmental determinants of both weight gain and attained fatness, as well as fat distribution.

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Early body size and subsequent weight again as predictors of breast cancer incidence (Iowa, United States)

Cited by 99 publications

References 24 publications

Association of body size and fat distribution with risk of breast cancer among Chinese women

Association of body size and fat distribution with risk of breast cancer among Chinese women

Weight change in middle adulthood and breast cancer risk in the EPIC-PANACEA study

Sociodemographic factors associated with long-term weight gain, current body fatness and central adiposity in Swedish women

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