Early Childhood Caries (ECC) — Etiology, Clinical Consequences and Prevention

Begzati, Agim; Berisha, Merita; Mrasori, Shefqet; Latifi, Blerta Xhemajli; Prokshi,; Haliti,; Maxhuni, Valmira; Hysenaj-Hoxha, Vala; Halimi, Vlera

doi:10.5772/59416

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The definition of ECC is the presence of one or more decayed (non-cavitated or cavitated lesions), missing (due to caries), or filled tooth surfaces in any primary tooth in a child under the age of 6 years [3]. This condition will lead to a decrease in children’s health quality, where ECC can decrease the chewing ability of the children, so that it can interfere in growth and development of children [4, 5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mutans Streptococci counts from saliva and its protein profile in early childhood caries

Bachtiar

Gultom

Rahmasari

2018

IMAS

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AimThis study aims to analyze the number Mutans Streptococci (MS) and its protein profile from the saliva of early childhood caries (ECC) and caries-free subjects.MethodsMS counts were cultured from saliva samples, and the protein profile of MS was determined from ECC and caries-free subjects. The number of colonies were counted, and the protein bands with the molecular weight of 13, 29, 39, 41.3, 74, and 95 kDa were determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis method.ResultsWe found that the number of colonies from saliva of ECC patients was higher than those caries-free (22.20 × 106 CFU/ml vs. 19.16 × 106 CFU/ml, p < 0.05). There are higher expression frequencies in protein 29, 39, 41.3, and 74 kDa of MS in ECC than caries-free subjects.ConclusionsThere is the higher number of MS colonies and difference of MS protein profile isolated from saliva among children with ECC and caries-free counterparts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mutans Streptococci counts from saliva and its protein profile in early childhood caries

Bachtiar

Gultom

Rahmasari

2018

IMAS

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“…However, its location can be helpful for identification. This kind of caries appears in caries-resistant regions: labial surfaces of the upper incisors, in the upper and lower molars, more rarely in the upper canine, and even more rarely in the lower canine and incisors (Begzati et al, 2015;Çolak, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the dental analyses, particular attention was paid to early childhood caries (ECC). This kind of caries appears in caries-resistant regions, such as the labial surfaces of the upper incisors, in the upper and lower molars, more rarely in the upper canine, and even more rarely in the lower canine and incisors (Begzati et al, 2015;Çolak, 2013). The research also includes the assessment of the severity of carious lesions.…”

Section: Dental Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dental caries and breastfeeding in early childhood in the late Medieval and Modern populations from Radom, Poland

Tomczyk

Szostek

Lisowska-Gaczorek

et al. 2021

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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Studies of dental caries on the deciduous dentition can be a source of information about changes in diet, which can be correlated with the time of eruption of the deciduous and permanent teeth. In this respect, the moment of transition from the maternal diet (mother's milk) to solid food is particularly interesting. The aim of this study was to assess changes in the diet of children who inhabited Radom, Poland, in the late Medieval/early Modern (LMP, 14th-17th c.) and Modern (MP, periods by applying odontological and physicochemical methods. We analyzed the dental remains of 104 nonadult individuals (1.0-2.5 years, 3.0-5.5 years, and 6.0-8.0 years), with a total of 1044 deciduous and 108 permanent teeth. The concentration of stable δ 15 N isotopes in collagen isolated from the femur bones was assessed in 63 individuals (27 children, 36 adults). The diagnosis of dental caries was carried out through visual, radiographic, and fluorescent techniques. Dental caries were recorded in 30% (68/224) of the deciduous teeth in the LMP and 39% (321/820) of the deciduous teeth in the MP. Dental caries were found more often in the two earliest age groups of children in the MP than in the LMP. Early childhood caries (ECC) were diagnosed in 18% of the deciduous dentition of children from the MP. Isotopic analyses showed that the start of weaning occurred in the MP group almost 4 months earlier than in the LMP group (1.1 years in LMP vs. 0.7 years in MP). The final weaning of children from maternal milk in the LMP group took place at 2.5 years of age, whereas in the MP group it took place at 3.2 years of age. The study shows that the period of feeding children exclusively with the mother's milk in the MP was shorter. This means a faster introduction of solid food products to the diet. This could explain the increase in dental caries in primary teeth.

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“…Early childhood caries has multifactorial etiology. Cariogenic microorganisms (mutans streptococci and lactobacillus) present in dental plaque are one of the main etiological factors [3]. Despite the role of diet and oral hygiene in its etiology, innate immunity may also play its part in caries development [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of early childhood caries with salivary beta defensin-3 and childhood anemia: a case–control study

et al. 2021

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Background Human beta defensin-3 (HβD-3) is an antimicrobial peptide present in saliva that protects tooth surfaces from microbial attack. These peptides are part of innate immunity so levels may be affected by different systemic diseases like anemia. Therefore, anemia may predispose an affected child to an increased risk of dental caries. The objectives of this study were to determine the association of early childhood caries (ECC) with HβD-3 levels and observe the association of HβD-3 levels with childhood anemia. Methods A total of 80 children admitted in a pediatric medical ward, age 48–71 months, of either sex were included in the study. The included children were categorized as cases (children with ECC n = 40) and controls (children without ECC n = 40). Children were further segregated into the anemic and non-anemic sub-groups based on the hospital record of hemoglobin level. The salivary concentration of HβD-3 was measured by Enzyme-Linked Immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA). IBM SPSS version 20 software was used for statistical analysis. Two sample t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to compare mean values while spearman was used for correlations at p < 0.05. Results The mean Salivary HβD-3 level in cases (8.87 ± 4.30) was significantly higher (p = 0.042) as compared to controls (7.23 ± 2.57). Salivary HβD-3 level in patients with caries and without anemia was highest (10.80 ± 4.50) whereas salivary HβD-3 level in the presence of caries and anemia was lowest (6.94 ± 3.13) amongst all groups. This difference was statistically significant (p = 0.001). Salivary HβD-3 level was found to be moderately correlated with cases (p = 0.002). An inverse correlation was found between salivary HβD-3 level and anemia (r = -0.479, p = 0.002). Conclusion Anemia may affect the innate immunity of children, and may result in a decreased level of salivary HβD3, thus increasing vulnerability to decay.

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Early Childhood Caries (ECC) — Etiology, Clinical Consequences and Prevention

Cited by 14 publications

References 53 publications

Mutans Streptococci counts from saliva and its protein profile in early childhood caries

Mutans Streptococci counts from saliva and its protein profile in early childhood caries

Dental caries and breastfeeding in early childhood in the late Medieval and Modern populations from Radom, Poland

Associations of early childhood caries with salivary beta defensin-3 and childhood anemia: a case–control study

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