Most studies of school achievement use free-lunch eligibility or other basic indicators to adjust for differences in students' socioeconomic backgrounds. This study determines whether these variables are enough to separate the confounding effects of students' backgrounds from the main variables of interest in education studies. The Early Childhood Longitudinal Study dataset from the kindergarten class cohort of 1998-99 (ECLS-K) provides an unusually vast array of information regarding children's home resources and experiences. This plethora of parent-reported data raises questions about which variables researchers should include in their analyses, and it provides an extraordinary opportunity to examine this question. Using a split-sample design, stepwise regression, and multi-level modeling, this study systematically examines over 200 ECLS-K student background variables to determine which factors predict reading and mathematics achievement after typical SES controls are employed. The study identifies several variables that are important supplements to traditional SES measures, including the 1 Accepted under the editorship of Sherman Dorn. The authors are grateful to Joseph P. Robinson, Christopher Lubienski and Eric Camburn for their advice at various stages of this research. However, all errors and omissions are the authors' alone. This research was generously supported by a Faculty Fellows Award from the College of Education, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Vol. 18 No. 11 2 number of children in the household, mother's age at first birth, and children's books at home. Results indicate the extent to which "value added" studies can be flawed when using only basic demographic variables. The findings hold implications for data collection and accountability efforts, including NCLB, teacher evaluation plans, and the design of state longitudinal data systems. Keywords: social class; socioeconomic status; Early Childhood Longitudinal Study (ECLS-K); largescale data; multi-level modeling; mathematics; reading; elementary school.
Education Policy Analysis ArchivesMás allá del almuerzo escolar gratis: ¿Cuáles son las indicadores del contexto familiar que importan? Resumen: La mayoría de estudios sobre el desempeño de los estudiantes que usan calificación de las comidas escolares u otros indicadores de diferencias regulares socio-económico en el nivel de los estudiantes. El Este estudio determinó si estas variables son suficientes para distinguir los efectos de confusión de la situación socioeconómica otras variables de interés en los estudios en la Educación. El conjunto de datos del Estudio Longitudinal de la primera infancia con una clase de kindergarten de 1998-1999 (ECLS-K), proporciona un diferenciada gama de información sobre la vivienda de los niños y sus experiencias. Esta multiplicidad de datos informados por los padres, que plantea cuestiones acerca de las variables los investigadores deben incluir en sus análisis, y proporcionan una oportunidad extraordinaria para examinar este que se ...