Early childhood predictors of adult anxiety disorders

Kagan, Jerome; Snidman, Nancy

doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00137-7

Cited by 303 publications

(206 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The fact that differences in emotionality in adulthood might be already present early in development converges with results from clinical studies, which indicated that there is an influence of temperamental factors present in childhood on the development of anxious symptoms during adult life [54]. These results are also in agreement with the conceptual distinction between trait and state anxiety.…”

Section: The Linkage Of Emotional Traitssupporting

confidence: 83%

Behavioral evaluation of eight rat lines selected for high and low anxiety-related responses

Gomes

Hassan

Maisonnette

et al. 2013

Behavioural Brain Research

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evaluation of eight rat lines selected for high and low anxiety-related responses" (2013 • Genetic models are powerful tools to help understand anxiety disorders.• In order to determine the extent to which multiple anxiety traits generalize we compared eight genetic lines of rats selected for single high or low emotional responses.• We find many behavioral traits generalize across different animal lines selected for a single trait. a b s t r a c t Anxiety traits can be stable and permanent characteristics of an individual across time that is less susceptible of influences by a particular situation. One way to study trait anxiety in an experimental context is through the use of rat lines, selected according to contrasting phenotypes of fear and anxiety. It is not clear whether the behavioral differences between two contrasting rat lines in one given anxiety test are also present in others paradigms of state anxiety. Here, we examine the extent to which multiple anxiety traits generalize across selected animal lines originally selected for a single anxiety trait. We review the behavioral results available in the literature of eight rat genetic models of trait anxiety -namely Maudsley Reactive and Non-reactive rats, Floripa H and L rats, Tsukuba High and Low Emotional rats, High and Low Anxiety-related rats, High and Low Ultrasonic Vocalization rats, Roman High and Low Avoidance rats, Syracuse High and Low Avoidance rats, and Carioca High and Low Conditioned Freezing rats -across 11 behavioral paradigms of innate anxiety or aversive learning frequently used in the experimental setting. We observed both convergence and divergence of behavioral responses in these selected lines across the 11 paradigms. We find that predisposition for specific anxiety traits will usually be generalized to other anxiety provoking stimuli. However this generalization is not observed across all genetic models indicating some unique trait and state interactions. Genetic models of enhanced-anxiety related responses are beginning to help define how anxiety can manifest differently depending on the underlying traits and the current environmentally induced state. a r t i c l e i n f o

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Section: The Linkage Of Emotional Traitssupporting

confidence: 83%

Behavioral evaluation of eight rat lines selected for high and low anxiety-related responses

Gomes

Hassan

Maisonnette

et al. 2013

Behavioural Brain Research

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“…Relative right-sided resting frontal (alpha band) EEG asymmetry has been used in multiple studies as an index of anxiety and depression (26), including pediatric populations (27). Left (L) greater than right (R) alpha power is typically interpreted as more positive vs. negative (less anxious vs. more anxious) behavior, whereas R > L is viewed as the reverse.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increased care and placebo effect could have also influenced our neurobehavioral findings. Nonetheless, the use of automated measures such as the BioRadio for cardiorespiratory function (17) or EEG asymmetry profiles for anxiety and mood (26,27) strengthened clinician-and parent-reported data and support future exploration of biomarkers. Additional biomarker data-namely the Q sensor (47) for recording motion and hand stereotypies and visual evoked potentials for examining cortical function (48)-was collected as part of this trial and needs to be analyzed and reported in future publications.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These findings were supported by the partial or complete reversal of right-sided alpha band frontal EEG asymmetry in five of the six subjects presenting with this phenomenon, which correlated with improved scores on mood abnormalities and anxiety. Because EEG frontal asymmetry has been linked to depression and particularly to anxiety in children (26,27), its use in RTT and other neurodevelopmental disorders may serve as an effective tool for assessing drug efficacy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Safety, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary assessment of efficacy of mecasermin (recombinant human IGF-1) for the treatment of Rett syndrome

Khwaja

Barnes

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

182

203

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Rett syndrome (RTT) is a severe X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder mainly affecting females and is associated with mutations in MECP2, the gene encoding methyl CpG-binding protein 2. Mouse models suggest that recombinant human insulinlike growth factor 1 (IGF-1) (rhIGF1) (mecasermin) may improve many clinical features. We evaluated the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic profiles of IGF-1 in 12 girls with MECP2 mutations (9 with RTT). In addition, we performed a preliminary assessment of efficacy using automated cardiorespiratory measures, EEG, a set of RTT-oriented clinical assessments, and two standardized behavioral questionnaires. This phase 1 trial included a 4-wk multiple ascending dose (MAD) (40-120 μg/kg twice daily) period and a 20-wk open-label extension (OLE) at the maximum dose. Twelve subjects completed the MAD and 10 the entire study, without evidence of hypoglycemia or serious adverse events. Mecasermin reached the CNS compartment as evidenced by the increase in cerebrospinal fluid IGF-1 levels at the end of the MAD. The drug followed nonlinear kinetics, with greater distribution in the peripheral compartment. Cardiorespiratory measures showed that apnea improved during the OLE. Some neurobehavioral parameters, specifically measures of anxiety and mood also improved during the OLE. These improvements in mood and anxiety scores were supported by reversal of right frontal alpha band asymmetry on EEG, an index of anxiety and depression. Our data indicate that IGF-1 is safe and well tolerated in girls with RTT and, as demonstrated in preclinical studies, ameliorates certain breathing and behavioral abnormalities.

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“…Temperamental shyness is highly linked to the development of social anxiety. Approximately 20% of healthy infants are born with a temperamental predisposition toward extreme shyness, and roughly one-third of this group experiences severe social anxiety by adolescence (Kagan & Snidman, 1999). Several other studies have found that children with temperamental shyness are at greater risk for developing social anxiety (e.g., Eisenberg et al, 1998;Hirshfeld et al, 1992).…”

Section: Psychological Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shyness: Subtypes, Psychosocial Correlates, and Treatment Interventions

Jones¹,

Schulkin²

2014

PSYCH

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Decades of research on the study of introversion and extraversion have allowed researchers to distinguish among individual differences on each of these dimensions. Research indicates that shyness, a rather common personality trait, is a construct that is related, but not identical, to introversion. Once regarded as a unitary construct, modern day personality theorists propose that shyness is based on a number of orthogonal dimensions. Empirical evidence suggests that distinct subtypes of shyness develop as a result of differences in social approach and social avoidance behaviors. Temperamental shyness is a risk factor for behavioral and affective problems, as well as more severe psychological problems. This article focuses on the phenomenon of shyness by reviewing its subtypes, psychosocial correlates, and efficacious treatment interventions.

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Early childhood predictors of adult anxiety disorders

Cited by 303 publications

References 33 publications

Behavioral evaluation of eight rat lines selected for high and low anxiety-related responses

Behavioral evaluation of eight rat lines selected for high and low anxiety-related responses

Safety, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary assessment of efficacy of mecasermin (recombinant human IGF-1) for the treatment of Rett syndrome

Shyness: Subtypes, Psychosocial Correlates, and Treatment Interventions

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