Early childhood wheezers: identifying asthma in later life

Abstract

Wheeze in young children is common, and asthma is the most common noncommunicable disease in children. Prevalence studies of recurrent asthma-like symptoms in children under the age of 5 years have reported that one third of children in the US and Europe are affected, and rates and severity appear to be higher in developing countries. Over the last few decades, significant research efforts have focused on identification of risk factors and predictors of wheeze and on tools to identify which children who wheeze will progress to develop asthma. We reviewed the phenotypes of childhood wheezing, genetic risk factors, environmental factors, testing/predictive indices, and primary prevention. While it is generally agreed that a complex interaction of environmental exposure and genetic susceptibility contributes to the development of asthma, limitations in predictive tools and tests restrict our ability to provide families with guidance as to whether their child with wheeze will ultimately develop asthma. Additional research is needed to clarify childhood wheeze phenotypes, to develop tools to determine which children will develop asthma, and to determine how and when to intervene. If these areas can be addressed, it would help reduce this large burden on children, families, and society.

B7-H3 participates in the development of Asthma by augmentation of the inflammatory response independent of TLR2 pathway

“…Asthma is the most frequent non-infectious disease in children. Approximately 235 million people worldwide are asthmatics, with an increasing prevalence in low to middle income countries23. Although the rates of hospitalizations and deaths have decreased in recent years, it still caused a heavy burden to the medical and health system.…”

Особливості Перебігу Бронхообструктивного Синдрому У Дітей Раннього Віку Залежно Від Рівня Забезпеченості Вітаміном D

“…Дані епідеміологічних досліджень показують, що частота БОС при ГРВІ на першому році життя становить понад 50 %. До досягнення шкільного віку 40 % дітей переносять хоча б один епізод БОС, із них понад 50 % мають повторні епізоди обструктивного бронхіту, що не супроводжується розвитком у подальшому бронхіальної астми [1,2]. Згідно з іншими даними, в Європі повторні епізоди БОС реєструються у 15 % дітей раннього віку, а в Латинській Америці -у 25 % [3].…”

Features of Phenotypic Manifestations, Anamnesis, Connective Tissue Metabolism among Children on the Background of Acute Bronchitis

“…In recent years, convincing data have been obtained on the peculiarities of the course of a number of diseases on the background of connective tissue dysplasia (CTD) [4]. CTD is one of the most important and little-studied problems [5]. Data on the prevalence of CTD are highly controversial: from 26% to 86% in the population, which is due to different diagnostic approaches of clinicians.…”

“…For the last 20 years, many works have been published viewing bronchial dysfunction as a manifestation of the violation of the cartilage and connective tissue of the trachea and bronchial tubes in dysplasia of the connective tissue, which leads to tracheobronchial dyskinesia [4,5,7,8,12], and to the disturbance of drainage and ventilation function of the bronchial tubes. Changes in connective tissue associated with a violation of the synthesis and the function of derivatives of collagen and elastic proteins, Вeighton P. (1983) proposed to be called connective tissue dysplasia.…”