“…Furthermore, we observed significant elevations of phenotypes related to kidney function for the severe endotype, with average levels of both creatinine and BUN in the abnormal range, suggesting an initial tendency toward kidney dysfunction among these individuals. 45 , 46 Vitamin D is known to play a critical role in immunomodulation; sufficient levels are therefore particularly important for IDs like COVID-19 and influenza. 47 , 48 Consistent with this finding, we identified that average levels of vitamin D were insufficient among the severe endotype resulting in further susceptibility.…”