“…However, because modern industrial processes often present a large number of highly correlated process (Harrou et al (2015)), principal component analysis (PCA) (Harrou et al (2013)), canonical variate analysis, independent component analysis (Chiang et al (2001)), neural networks (Neumann and G. Deerberg (1999)), and support vector machine based methods (Dehestani et al (2011))). Data-based monitoring methods, especially those that utilize PCA or its extensions, have been applied across a wide range of industries, for example in the chemical industry (Simoglou et al (1997)), for water treatment (George et al (2009)), and in ecological studies (Janzekovic and Novak (2012)).…”