Early detection of antibody to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by using an antigen conjugate immunoassay correlates with the presence of immunoglobulin M antibody

Gallarda, James; Henrard, Denis; Liu, D.; Harrington, S. J.; Stramer, Susan L.; Valinsky, Jay E.; Wu, Ping

doi:10.1128/jcm.30.9.2379-2384.1992

Cited by 62 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In 1986, a second HIV type, HIV-2, was isolated from patients with AIDS in West Africa (11), which led to the implementation of simultaneous screening for HIV-1 and HIV-2 (5,41). In the following years, continuous improvements of the serological assays, along with donor education and deferral procedures, have greatly reduced the risks of transfusion-acquired HIV infection (16,25,39,46). However, a residual risk that is extremely small still exists and remains a source of public concern over the safety of blood and blood products.…”

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confidence: 99%

Performance of a Multiplex Qualitative PCR LCx Assay for Detection of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Group M Subtypes, Group O, and HIV-2

et al. 2000

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Early detection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in blood and blood products can be achieved by a sensitive nucleic acid amplification-based assay. We report on the performance of a PCR-based qualitative assay that detects both HIV type 1 (HIV-1) and HIV-2 with a sensitivity of 20 to 50 copies/ml. The assay has a specificity of 99.6% and an inhibition rate of 1.7%. One milliliter of sample is processed with a manifold system and Qiagen columns, and one-third of the extracted sample is used for PCR amplification. An internal control sequence, which is processed and amplified with each sample, monitors for amplification inhibition. Samples are reverse transcribed and are then amplified by reverse transcription-coupled PCR, after which HIV-1- and HIV-2-specific probes are hybridized to the amplified products. Following hybridization, samples are detected in the LCx instrument by microparticle enzyme immunoassay techniques. The detection system has an automated inactivation step that controls for PCR contamination. The HIV-1/2 qualitative RNA assay detects HIV-1 group M subtypes A, B, C, D, E, F, and G and group O. Testing of several HIV-1 seroconversion panels has demonstrated that the HIV-1/2 qualitative RNA assay detects HIV infection on the average of 6 days before p24 antigen can be detected and 11 days before antibodies can be detected.

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confidence: 99%

Performance of a Multiplex Qualitative PCR LCx Assay for Detection of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Group M Subtypes, Group O, and HIV-2

et al. 2000

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“…production, they cannot themselves clear circulating plasma virus, which must involve other active or passive mechanisms. One candidate for a system to clear virus and viral antigen from the circulation is antiviral antibody (3,10,17,24,54).…”

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Development of the anti-gp120 antibody response during seroconversion to human immunodeficiency virus type 1

Moore

Cao

et al. 1994

J Virol

193

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We have studied the development of the antibody response to the surface glycoprotein gpl20 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in three individuals who presented with primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection syndrome. Serum anti-gpl20 antibodies were first detected 4 to 23 days after presentation, after p24 antigen and infectious-virus titers in the peripheral blood had declined manyfold from their highest values. Whether anti-gpl20 antibodies present at undetectable levels are involved in clearance of viremia remains unresolved. Among the earliest detectable anti-gpl20 antibodies were those to conformationally sensitive epitopes; these antibodies were able to block the binding of gpl20 monomers to soluble CD4 or to a human monoclonal antibody to a discontinuous epitope overlapping the CD4-binding site. Some of these antibodies were type specific to a degree, in that they were more effective at blocking ligand binding to autologous gpl20 than to heterologous gpl20. However, the appearance of these antibodies did not correlate with that of antibodies able to neutralize the autologous virus in vitro by a peripheral blood mononuclear cell-based assay. Antibodies to the V3 loop were detected at about the same time as, or slightly later than, those to the CD4-binding site. There was a weak correlation between the presence of antibodies to the V3 loop and autologous virus-neutralizing activity in two of three individuals studied. However, serum from the third individual contained V3 antibodies but lacked the ability to neutralize the autologous virus in vitro, even immediately after seroconversion. Thus, no simple, universal correlate of autologous virus-neutralizing activity in a peripheral blood mononuclear cell-based assay is apparent from in vitro assays that rely on detecting antibody interactions with monomeric gpl20 or fragments thereof.

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“…The infectious window period defines the time during which an individual is both infected and infectious prior to seroconversion. While the sensitivities of HIV antibody detection assays have significantly improved since the tests were first licensed in 1985 (2,4,5,10,28), the infectious window period is still longer for the assays based on the detection of anti-HIV antibodies than for the assays based on the detection of viral nucleic acids. Indeed, the assays based on the detection of HIV-1 RNA by PCR gave positive results 7 to 11 days before the assays based on the detection of anti-HIV antibodies (4).…”

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confidence: 99%

Detection of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) RNA in Pools of Sera Negative for Antibodies to HIV-1 and HIV-2

Morandi¹,

Schockmel²,

Yerly³

et al. 1998

J Clin Microbiol

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A total of 234 pools were prepared from 10,692 consecutive serum samples negative for antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and HIV-2 collected at five virological laboratories (average pool size, 45 serum samples). Pools were screened for the presence of HIV-1 RNA by a modified commercial assay (Amplicor HIV-1 Monitor test) which included an additional polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation step prior to purification of viral RNA (PEG Amplicor assay). The sensitivity of this assay for HIV-1 RNA detection in individual serum samples within pools matches that of standard commercial assays for individual serum samples, i.e., 500 HIV-1 RNA copies per ml. Five pools were identified as positive, and each one contained one antibody-negative, HIV-1 RNA-positive serum sample, corresponding to an average of 1 infected sample per 2,138 serum samples. Retrospective analysis revealed that the five HIV-1 RNA-positive specimens originated from individuals who had symptomatic primary HIV-1 infection at the time of sample collection and who were also positive for p24 antigenemia. We next assessed the possibility of performing the prepurification step by high-speed centrifugation (50,000 ×g for 80 min) of 1.5-ml pools containing 25 μl of 60 individual serum samples, of which only 1 contained HIV-1 RNA (centrifugation Amplicor assay). The sensitivity of this assay also matches the sensitivities of standard commercial assays for HIV-1 RNA detection in individual serum samples. The results demonstrate that both assays with pooled sera can be applied to the screening of large numbers of serum samples in a time- and cost-efficient manner.

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Early detection of antibody to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by using an antigen conjugate immunoassay correlates with the presence of immunoglobulin M antibody

Cited by 62 publications

References 10 publications

Performance of a Multiplex Qualitative PCR LCx Assay for Detection of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Group M Subtypes, Group O, and HIV-2

Performance of a Multiplex Qualitative PCR LCx Assay for Detection of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Group M Subtypes, Group O, and HIV-2

Development of the anti-gp120 antibody response during seroconversion to human immunodeficiency virus type 1

Detection of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) RNA in Pools of Sera Negative for Antibodies to HIV-1 and HIV-2

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