Early Detection of Diabetic Neuropathy Based on Health Belief Model: A Scoping Review

Abstract

IntroductionUncontrolled blood sugar levels may result in complications, namely diabetic neuropathy. Diabetic neuropathy is a nerve disorder that causes symptoms of numbness, foot deformity, dry skin, and thickening of the feet. The severity of diabetic neuropathy carries the risk of developing diabetic ulcers and amputation. Early detection of diabetic neuropathy can prevent the risk of diabetic ulcers.MethodsThis research studied articles in 6 databases via Scopus, Ebsco, Pubmed, Sage journal, Science Direct, and Springer link with the keywords “screening Neuropathy” AND “Detection Neuropathy” AND “Scoring Neuropathy” AND “Diabetic” published in 2019-2023. This study identified articles based on the English language, variables, and population. This research used PRISMA Flow-Chart 2020 to record the article filtering process.ResultsThis research identified articles through PRISMA Flow-Chart 2020, obtaining 25 articles that discussed early detection of diabetic neuropathy.ConclusionEarly detection of diabetic neuropathy prevents the occurrence of diabetic neuropathy. The method for early detection of neuropathy is using a neuropathy questionnaire and physical examination. Neuropathy questionnaires are Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI), Toronto Clinical Neuropathy Score (TCNS), and Diabetic Neuropathy Classification (BDC). Physical examination tools include biotesimeters, vibrations, neurotesimeters, tuning forks, monofilament threads, ultrasonography (USG) results, artificial intelligence (AI), and nomograms.