Early detection of diabetic retinopathy

Safi, Hamid; Safi, Sare; Hafezi-Moghadam, Ali; Ahmadieh, Hamid

doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2018.04.003

Cited by 162 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of visual impairment worldwide, 57 and its incidence will increase as the population ages and as the prevalence of obesity increases. Implementing AI into DR screening and surveillance services may assist in increasing efficiency in DR management.…”

Section: Diagnosing Diabetic Retinopathymentioning

confidence: 99%

Current state and future prospects of artificial intelligence in ophthalmology: a review

Hogarty

Mackey

Hewitt

2018

Clinical Exper Ophthalmology

144

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Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a major frontier in computer science research. Although AI has broad application across many medical fields, it will have particular utility in ophthalmology and will dramatically change the diagnostic and treatment pathways for many eye conditions such as corneal ectasias, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. However, given that AI has primarily been driven as a computer science, its concepts and terminology are unfamiliar to many medical professionals. Important key terms such as machine learning and deep learning are often misunderstood and incorrectly used interchangeably. This article presents an overview of AI and new developments relevant to ophthalmology.

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Section: Diagnosing Diabetic Retinopathymentioning

confidence: 99%

Current state and future prospects of artificial intelligence in ophthalmology: a review

Hogarty

Mackey

Hewitt

2018

Clinical Exper Ophthalmology

144

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“…Early detection of the vascular abnormalities in diabetic eyes could provide timely recognition and management of patients at high risk of development of DR and progression. 4 The pathogenesis of DR is primarily attributed to vascular abnormalities in the retina. 5 Since the choroid is a vascular layer that supplies the outer retina, the potential effects of choroidal blood flow on the pathophysiology of DR have attracted increasing attention.…”

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confidence: 99%

Microvascular Changes in the Choriocapillaris of Diabetic Patients Without Retinopathy Investigated by Swept-Source OCT Angiography

Dai

Zhou

Chu

et al. 2020

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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Purpose To investigate the microvascular changes in macular retina and choriocapillaris (CC) in diabetic eyes without retinopathy using swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA). Methods A commercial SS-OCTA system was used to collect 6 × 6-mm macular scans from patients. Three depth-resolved retinal slabs and a CC slab were segmented by a validated semiautomated algorithm. Retinal vessel area density, vessel skeleton density, and nonperfusion area were calculated on segmented retinal slabs. Foveal avascular zone was automatically measured based on en face image of the whole retinal layer. For CC quantification, the percentage of flow deficits (FD%) and the flow deficit (FD) sizes were measured. Results Sixteen eyes from 16 diabetic patients without clinically detectable retinopathy and 16 eyes from 16 age-matched nondiabetic controls were included. There was no significant difference between the two groups in all retinal vessel quantitative parameters (all P > 0.05). However, the mean FD% and mean FD sizes were significantly increased in CC in the central 1.0-mm disk ( P = 0.011 and P = 0.017, respectively), the central 1.5-mm rim ( P = 0.003 and P = 0.009, respectively), the central 2.5-mm rim ( P = 0.018 and P = 0.020, respectively), and the entire 5.0-mm disk ( P = 0.009 and P = 0.008, respectively) in diabetic eyes compared with controls. Conclusions CC perfusion in the macula is decreased in diabetic patients without retinopathy as compared to age-matched normal controls. Decreased CC perfusion in the macula may be an early indicator of otherwise clinically undetectable diabetic vasculopathy.

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“…observed reduced contrast sensitivity only at single low spatial frequency in cases of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus without DR [79][80][81]. Meanwhile, Joltikov et al and Safi et al reported decline in contrast sensitivity at all spatial frequencies early in the course of diabetic retinal sensory neuropathy [14,82]. Joltikov et al suggested that contrast sensitivity might be the most sensitive test for detection of subtle functional impairment in diabetic patients with or without retinopathy.…”

Section: Contrast Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, contrast sensitivity test is more practical than electroretinography [13]. However, longitudinal study showed that reduced contrast sensitivity in the earlier stage of the disease might be reversible [82].…”

Section: Contrast Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optic Nerve Changes in Diabetic Retinopathy

Victor¹

2019

Optic Nerve

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Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a devastating sight-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). Besides damaging the vascular system of the retina, DM will also destruct the tissue surrounding the retina, including the optic nerve. DR impairs the optic nerve by damaging its conduction and integrity. There are few clinical manifestations of optic nerve changes in DR such as diabetic papillopathy, neovascularization of optic disc, and optic nerve atrophy. These involve metabolic alterations related to DM, production of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), oxidative stress, and hemodynamic changes. Diagnostic tests including visual evoked potential (VEP) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) can detect functional and structural changes. This finding is important as it may reflect the early loss of retinal ganglion cell axons. As the neuronal loss is irreversible, it is pivotal to be able to screen these nervous system changes in the early stage of DR and prevent further deterioration.

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Early detection of diabetic retinopathy

Cited by 162 publications

References 82 publications

Current state and future prospects of artificial intelligence in ophthalmology: a review

Current state and future prospects of artificial intelligence in ophthalmology: a review

Microvascular Changes in the Choriocapillaris of Diabetic Patients Without Retinopathy Investigated by Swept-Source OCT Angiography

Optic Nerve Changes in Diabetic Retinopathy

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