Early determinants of chronic disease in developing countries

Crowther, Nigel J.

doi:10.1016/j.beem.2012.03.006

Cited by 12 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…In line with reviews that did not distinguish findings by ethnicity, the findings of this review suggest relationships between early-life anthropometrics and CVDs and risk factors [10,11,13,38], although the findings were somewhat inconsistent and tended to differ by ethnicity and gender. The explanations for the variations across ethnic groups and gender are unclear but may relate to differences in lifestyle.…”

Section: Discussion Of the Key Findingssupporting

confidence: 71%

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The influence of early-life conditions on cardiovascular disease later in life among ethnic minority populations: a systematic review

Bijker

Agyemang

2015

Intern Emerg Med

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Ethnic minority groups are disproportionately affected by cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The reasons for the high prevalence of CVD in ethnic minority groups are not fully understood. Recently, the importance of early-life developmental factors and their impact on CVDs in adulthood is increasingly being recognised, but little is known about this among ethnic minority groups. Therefore, the current paper aimed to fill this knowledge gap by reviewing the available literature to assess the influence of early-life conditions on CVDs and its risk factors in ethnic minority populations residing in Western countries. A systematic search was performed in PubMed and EMBASE between 1989 and 2014. In total, 1418 studies were identified of which 19 met the inclusion criteria. Six studies investigated the relationship between early-life anthropometrics and CVD risk factors of which all except one found significant associations between the assessed anthropometric measures and CVD risk factors. Seven studies evaluated the influence of childhood socio-economic status (SES) on CVD and risk factors of which five found significant associations between childhood SES measures and CVD risk factors. Five studies investigated the relationship between other early-life conditions including early-life nutrition, physical development, and childhood psychosocial conditions, and CVD risk factors. Four of these studies found significant associations between the assessed childhood conditions and CVD risk factors. This review reinforces the importance of early-life conditions on adult CVD in ethnic minority groups. Improvement of early-life conditions among ethnic minority groups may contribute to reducing CVD risk in these populations.

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Section: Discussion Of the Key Findingssupporting

confidence: 71%

“…A wide variety of studies have been conducted to evaluate the influence of early-life conditions on CVDs in adulthood, and various literature reviews have summarised the findings in both Western and non-Western countries [10][11][12][13]. However, none of these reviews focused explicitly on ethnic minorities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The influence of early-life conditions on cardiovascular disease later in life among ethnic minority populations: a systematic review

Bijker

Agyemang

2015

Intern Emerg Med

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“…Indicative of their clinical importance, the frequency of aTreg has been reported to be modulated in aged donors, 20 as well as disease states including active sarcoidosis, 20 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 21 type 1 diabetes 40 and systemic sclerosis 22 . Our analysis is the first to report rTreg populations in an infant cohort and may define new measures for immune outcomes related to infant disease 41 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…22 Our analysis is the first to report rTreg populations in an infant cohort and may define new measures for immune outcomes related to infant disease. 41…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ontogeny of naïve and regulatory CD4⁺ T‐cell subsets during the first postnatal year: a cohort study

et al. 2015

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As there is limited knowledge regarding the longitudinal development and early ontogeny of naïve and regulatory CD4+ T-cell subsets during the first postnatal year, we sought to evaluate the changes in proportion of naïve (thymic and central) and regulatory (resting and activated) CD4+ T-cell populations during the first postnatal year. Blood samples were collected and analyzed at birth, 6 and 12 months of age from a population-derived sample of 130 infants. The proportion of naïve and regulatory CD4+ T-cell populations was determined by flow cytometry, and the thymic and central naïve populations were sorted and their phenotype confirmed by relative expression of T cell-receptor excision circle DNA (TREC). At birth, the majority (94%) of CD4+ T cells were naïve (CD45RA+), and of these, ~80% had a thymic naïve phenotype (CD31+ and high TREC), with the remainder already central naïve cells (CD31− and low TREC). During the first year of life, the naïve CD4+ T cells retained an overall thymic phenotype but decreased steadily. From birth to 6 months of age, the proportion of both resting naïve T regulatory cells (rTreg; CD4+CD45RA+FoxP3+) and activated Treg (aTreg, CD4+CD45RA−FoxP3high) increased markedly. The ratio of thymic to central naïve CD4+ T cells was lower in males throughout the first postnatal year indicating early sexual dimorphism in immune development. This longitudinal study defines proportions of CD4+ T-cell populations during the first year of postnatal life that provide a better understanding of normal immune development.

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“…The extent to which the rise in prevalence of NCDs is due to a nutritional mismatch in fetal and adult life is unknown; however, dietary interventions at specific time points in the life course may be important for reducing disease risk (29). Education about the importance of adequate intake of fruits and vegetables in the diet for all age groups of the Ghanaian population is critical.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sociodemographic and socioeconomic patterns of chronic non-communicable disease among the older adult population in Ghana

Minicuci

Biritwum

Mensah

et al. 2014

Global Health Action

116

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BackgroundIn Ghana, the older adult population is projected to increase from 5.3% of the total population in 2015 to 8.9% by 2050. National and local governments will need information about non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in this population in order to allocate health system resources and respond to the health needs of older adults.DesignThe 2007/08 Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) Wave 1 in Ghana used face-to-face interviews in a nationally representative sample of persons aged 50-plus years. Individual respondents were asked about their overall health, diagnosis of 10 chronic non-communicable conditions, and common health risk factors. A number of anthropometric and health measurements were also taken in all respondents, including height, weight, waist and hip circumferences, and blood pressure (BP).ResultsThis paper includes 4,724 adults aged 50-plus years. The highest prevalence of self-reported chronic conditions was for hypertension [14.2% (95% CI 12.8–15.6)] and osteoarthritis [13.8%, (95% CI 11.7–15.9)]. The figure for hypertension reached 51.1% (95% CI 48.9–53.4) when based on BP measurement. The prevalence of current smokers was 8.1% (95% CI 7.0–9.2), while 2.0 (95% CI 1.5–2.5) were infrequent/frequent heavy drinkers, 67.9% (95% CI 65.2–70.5) consume insufficient fruits and vegetables, and 25.7% (95% CI 23.1–28.3) had a low level of physical activity. Almost 10% (95% CI 8.3–11.1) of adults were obese and 77.6% (95% CI 76.0–79.2) had a high-risk waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). Risks from tobacco and alcohol consumption continued into older age, while insufficient fruit and vegetable intake, low physical activity and obesity increased with increasing age. The patterns of risk factors varied by income quintile, with higher prevalence of obesity and low physical activity in wealthier respondents, and higher prevalence of insufficient fruit and vegetable intake and smoking in lower-income respondents. The multivariate analysis showed that only urban/rural residence and body mass index (BMI) were common determinates of both self-reported and measured hypertension, while all other determinants have differing patterns.ConclusionsThe findings show a high burden of chronic diseases in the older Ghanaian population, as well as high rates of modifiable health risk factors. The government could consider targeting these health behaviors in conjunction with work to improve enrolment rates in the National Health Insurance Scheme.

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Early determinants of chronic disease in developing countries

Cited by 12 publications

References 85 publications

The influence of early-life conditions on cardiovascular disease later in life among ethnic minority populations: a systematic review

The influence of early-life conditions on cardiovascular disease later in life among ethnic minority populations: a systematic review

The ontogeny of naïve and regulatory CD4⁺ T‐cell subsets during the first postnatal year: a cohort study

Sociodemographic and socioeconomic patterns of chronic non-communicable disease among the older adult population in Ghana

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Early determinants of chronic disease in developing countries

Cited by 12 publications

References 85 publications

The influence of early-life conditions on cardiovascular disease later in life among ethnic minority populations: a systematic review

The influence of early-life conditions on cardiovascular disease later in life among ethnic minority populations: a systematic review

The ontogeny of naïve and regulatory CD4+ T‐cell subsets during the first postnatal year: a cohort study

Sociodemographic and socioeconomic patterns of chronic non-communicable disease among the older adult population in Ghana

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The ontogeny of naïve and regulatory CD4⁺ T‐cell subsets during the first postnatal year: a cohort study