Early Development in Infants at Risk of Childhood Apraxia of Speech: A Longitudinal Investigation

Volubility, consonant, and syllable characteristics in infants and toddlers later diagnosed with childhood apraxia of speech: A pilot study

“…However, most of what is hypothesized about the early course of CAS has come from parents' anecdotal recall of their child's speech development (Highman et al, 2008(Highman et al, , 2013Le Normand, VaivreDouret, Payan, & Cohen, 2000;Teverovsky, Bickel, & Feldman, 2009), and although longitudinal studies of the early speech sound behaviors of children who later present with CAS would be helpful in further understanding the disorder, there are currently no such studies. To address this gap, this is the first in an anticipated series of longitudinal studies exploring the speech sound skills between birth and 24 months for a small opportunistic sample of infants who later presented with suspected childhood apraxia of speech (CAS).…”

“…While studies of older children with CAS are important, a growing body of evidence points to genetic underpinnings of the disorder, suggesting the impairment should be manifested prelinguistically in early vocal development (Fisher, Lai, & Monaco, 2003;Highman, Hennessey, Sherwood, & Leitão, 2008;Highman, Hennessey, Leitão, & Piek, 2013;Worthey et al, 2013). However, most of what is hypothesized about the early course of CAS has come from parents' anecdotal recall of their child's speech development (Highman et al, 2008(Highman et al, , 2013Le Normand, VaivreDouret, Payan, & Cohen, 2000;Teverovsky, Bickel, & Feldman, 2009), and although longitudinal studies of the early speech sound behaviors of children who later present with CAS would be helpful in further understanding the disorder, there are currently no such studies.…”

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“…Teacher scaffolding and engagement in a second language, on the other hand, are more likely to take the form of explicit instruction about language or another academic area. Thus, in keeping with cognitive theory on language learning, it is possible that this pattern of results reflects the gains apparent in implicit language learning (Buac, et al, 2014;Highman, 2013;Peeters, 2009). It has been shown that structures that are typically learned implicitly, as in the case of an artificial grammar mimicking a simplistic natural language grammar, are more difficult for people to learn when they try explicitly to look for patterns in the stimuli (Reber et al, 1980).…”

“…Other studies have examined this relationship in children with other language deficiencies (Bird, et al, 2008;Highman, 2013;Peeters, et al, 2009), such as dyslexia. Viholainen and colleagues (2002) performed a cluster analysis on children at risk for developing familial dyslexia and children not at risk.…”

Speech in action: degree of hand preference for grasping predicts speech articulation competence in children

“…Numerous studies have shown the connection between fine motor skill and speech. For example, various speech disorders correlate with poor fine motor skills (Hill, 2001; Zelaznik and Goffman, 2010; Highman et al, 2013). Children with speech articulation deficits such as phonological disorder or developmental dyspraxia often present with deficits in manual dexterity (Viholainen et al, 2002; Visscher et al, 2007; Preston et al, 2010).…”