Early Development of the Nose in Human Embryos: A Stereomicroscopic and Histologic Analysis

Kim, Chang Hoon; Park, Hyoung Woo; Kim, Kyubo; Yoon, Joo Heon

doi:10.1097/00005537-200410000-00022

Cited by 30 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The medial nasal prominence is fused with the maxillary prominence anteriorly and the lateral nasal prominence posteriorly, as seen with histological sections (Pruzansky, 1961; Tamarin and Boyde, 1977; Diewert and Wang, 1992; Rudé et al, 1994; Kim et al, 2004) and in scanning electron micrographs (Sperber, 2002; Jiang et al, 2006). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Indeed there has been a general lack of consensus on which prominences initiate fusion in amniotes. A series of studies in chicken (Sun et al, 2000; Ashique et al, 2002; Cox, 2004) and human (Pruzansky, 1961; Diewert and Wang, 1992; Rudé et al, 1994; Sperber, 2002; Kim et al, 2004) concluded that the maxillary and medial nasal prominences are the first to contact each other. On the other hand, most studies carried out on mouse embryos found that the medial nasal and lateral nasal prominences are the first to fuse at E10.5-E11.0 (Trasler, 1968; Gaare and Langman, 1980; Wang et al, 1995; Gong and Guo, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent insights into the morphological diversity in the amniote primary and secondary palates

Abramyan

Richman

2015

Developmental Dynamics

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The assembly of the upper jaw is a pivotal moment in the embryonic development of amniotes. The upper jaw forms from the fusion of the maxillary, medial nasal, and lateral nasal prominences, resulting in an intact upper lip/beak and nasal cavities; together called the primary palate. This process of fusion requires a balance of proper facial prominence shape and positioning to avoid craniofacial clefting, whilst still accommodating the vast phenotypic diversity of adult amniotes. As such, variation in craniofacial ontogeny is not tolerated beyond certain bounds. For clarity, we discuss primary palatogenesis of amniotes into in two categories, according to whether the nasal and oral cavities remain connected throughout ontogeny or not. The transient separation of these cavities occurs in mammals and crocodilians, while remaining connected in birds, turtles and squamates. In the latter group, the craniofacial prominences fuse around a persistent choanal groove that connects the nasal and oral cavities. Subsequently, all lineages except for turtles, develop a secondary palate that ultimately completely or partially separates oral and nasal cavities. Here, we review the shared, early developmental events and highlight the points at which development diverges in both primary and secondary palate formation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent insights into the morphological diversity in the amniote primary and secondary palates

Abramyan

Richman

2015

Developmental Dynamics

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“…They then become more concave forming the nasal pit. The mesenchyme proliferates around the placode establishing the medial and lateral nasal prominences while the nasal pit becomes deeper, forming the nasal cavities (Kim et al 2004). The paranasal sinuses develop during late fetal life and in infancy as diverticula of the lateral nasal walls.…”

Section: Origin and Organization Of The Respiratory Tractmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cilia and Mucociliary Clearance

Bustamante-Marin

Ostrowski

2016

Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol

563

409

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Mucociliary clearance (MCC) is the primary innate defense mechanism of the lung. The functional components are the protective mucous layer, the airway surface liquid layer, and the cilia on the surface of ciliated cells. The cilia are specialized organelles that beat in metachronal waves to propel pathogens and inhaled particles trapped in the mucous layer out of the airways. In health this clearance mechanism is effective, but in patients with primary cilia dyskinesia (PCD) the cilia are abnormal, resulting in deficient MCC and chronic lung disease. This demonstrates the critical importance of the cilia for human health. In this chapter we summarize the current knowledge of the components of the MCC apparatus, focusing on the role of cilia in MCC.

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“…The stage between the end of the 4th week to the 7th week is the most active, important period in the human nose development [O'Rahilly, 1967;Kim et al, 2004]. A failure of the developmental process may result in arhinia, for example, failure of growth or overgrowth of the medial and lateral nasal process sequentially leads to premature fusion of the medial nasal processes [Albernaz et al, 1996].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Congenital arhinia: Molecular‐genetic analysis of five patients

Sato¹,

Shimokawa²,

Harada³

et al. 2007

American J of Med Genetics Pt A

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Congenital arhinia, complete absence of the nose, is an extremely rare anomaly with unknown cause. To our knowledge, a total of 36 cases have been reported, but there has been no molecular-genetic study on this anomaly. We encountered a sporadic case of congenital arhinia associated with a de novo chromosomal translocation, t(3;12)(q13.2;p11.2). This led us to analyze the patient by BAC-based FISH for translocation breakpoints and whole-genome array CGH for other possible deletions/duplications in the genome. We found in this patient an approximately 19 Mb deletion spanning from 3q11.2 to 3q13.31 but no disruption of any gene(s) at the other breakpoint, 12p11.2. As the deleted segment at 3q was a strong candidate region containing the putative arhinia gene, we also performed the array CGH in four other arhinia patients with normal karyotypes, as well as mutation analysis of two genes, COL8A1 and CPOX, selected among hundreds of genes located to the deleted region, because they are expressed during early stages of human craniofacial development. However, in the four patients, there were no copy number aberrations in the region examined or no mutations in the two genes. Although our study failed to identify the putative arhinia gene, the data may become a clue to unravel the underlying mechanism of arhinia.

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Early Development of the Nose in Human Embryos: A Stereomicroscopic and Histologic Analysis

Abstract: The development of the nose is most active from Carnegie stage 13 to 19, which corresponds to the end of the fourth embryonic week to the end of the seventh week. Thus, this period is considered to be the most important period in human nasal embryonic development.

Cited by 30 publications

References 4 publications

Recent insights into the morphological diversity in the amniote primary and secondary palates

Recent insights into the morphological diversity in the amniote primary and secondary palates

Cilia and Mucociliary Clearance

Congenital arhinia: Molecular‐genetic analysis of five patients

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