Early development of the serotonergic and dopaminergic nervous system in Spisula solidissima (surf clam) larvae

Kreiling, Jill A.; Jessen-Eller, Kathryn; Miller, Joanne L.; Seegal, Richard F.; Reinisch, Carol L.

doi:10.1016/s1095-6433(01)00394-4

Cited by 29 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…However, there was a slight peak in p120 mRNA levels at 24 hr after fertilization ( Figure 3B), which we have shown to be a critical stage in surf clam development. At this time the serotonergic and dopaminergic systems first appear (17,21) and a ryanodine response develops (20). There is also a primitive neural plexus that coordinates mouth and velum movement, and the shell gland begins producing material for the bivalve shell (17,21).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PCBs are lipophilic, environmentally pervasive chemicals that accumulate in plant, animal, and human tissues, promote tumor formation, can damage DNA (14,15), and induce neurotoxic effects during early development in clams (16,17) and humans (18). In vitro fertilization and subsequent developmental studies are easily conducted in the surf clam, Spisula solidissima (16,17,(19)(20)(21), but to our knowledge are not successful in either soft-shell clam or squid. During investigation of these embryos we partially cloned, sequenced, and generated a multiple alignment for a new member of the p53 gene family that codes for an exclusively embryonic 120-kD protein.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A new invertebrate member of the p53 gene family is developmentally expressed and responds to polychlorinated biphenyls.

Jessen-Eller

Kreiling

Begley

et al. 2002

Environ Health Perspect

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The cell-cycle checkpoint protein p53 both directs terminal differentiation and protects embryos from DNA damage. To study invertebrate p53 during early development, we identified three differentially expressed p53 family members (p53, p97, p120) in the surf clam, Spisula solidissima. In these mollusks, p53 and p97 occur in both embryonic and adult tissue, whereas p120 is exclusively embryonic. We sequenced, cloned, and characterized p120 cDNA. The predicted protein, p120, resembles p53 across all evolutionarily conserved regions and contains a C-terminal extension with a sterile alpha motif (SAM) as in p63 and p73. These vertebrate forms of p53 are required for normal inflammatory, epithelial, and neuronal development. Unlike clam p53 and p97, p120 mRNA and protein levels are temporally expressed in embryos, with mRNA levels decreasing with increasing p120 protein (R(2) = 0.97). Highest surf clam p120 mRNA levels coincide with the onset of neuronal growth. In earlier work we have shown that neuronal development is altered by exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), a neurotoxic environmental contaminant. In this study we show that PCBs differentially affect expression of the three surf clam p53 family members. p120 mRNA and protein are reduced the most and earliest in development, p97 protein shows a smaller and later reduction, and p53 protein levels do not change. For the first time we report that unlike p53 and p97, p120 is specifically embryonic and expressed in a time-dependent manner. Furthermore, p120 responds to PCBs by 48 hr when PCB-induced suppression of the serotonergic nervous system occurs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

A new invertebrate member of the p53 gene family is developmentally expressed and responds to polychlorinated biphenyls.

Jessen-Eller

Kreiling

Begley

et al. 2002

Environ Health Perspect

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“…It has been seen that the first 5-HT-IR neurons appearing within the nervous system correspond to the location of the CG and apical ganglion (AG) during the late trochophore stage: 30-32 h postfertilization in blue mussel [136], 24 h postfertilization in surf clam [137], and 27 h postfertilization in the Bay mussel (Mytilus trossulus) [138]. Kreiling et al [137] reported As animals lost the ability to synthesize tryptophan, there possess developed biological mechanisms through which animals obtain tryptophan from their diets.…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Research Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kreiling et al [137] reported As animals lost the ability to synthesize tryptophan, there possess developed biological mechanisms through which animals obtain tryptophan from their diets. Thus, 5-HT biosynthesis highly depends on dietary factors including availability of tryptophan and competitive uptake or transport of tryptophan with other amino acids (such as tyrosine and phenylalanine) into the 5-HT neurons.…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Research Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure-Function of Serotonin in Bivalve Molluscs

Alavi¹,

Nagasawa²,

Takahashi³

et al. 2017

Serotonin - A Chemical Messenger Between All Types of Living Cells

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It has been observed that 5-HT excites the heart nerves in hard clam and regulates contraction and relaxation of the anterior byssus retractor muscle in the blue mussel. It is now known that 5-HT regulates several neurobehavioral systems such as mood, appetite, sleep, learning, and memory. It also plays critical roles in the physiological functions of peripheral organs involved in stress, growth, and reproduction in the animal kingdom. The present study reviews conserved 5-HT biosynthesis and its localization in the nervous system, and its physiological contribution to regulate reproduction in bivalves. In the cytosol of neurons, tryptophan hydroxylase catalyzes hydroxylation of l-tryptophan to 5-hydroxytryptophan, which is converted to 5-HT by aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase. A 5-HT transporter and a monoamine oxidase reuptakes and metabolizes 5-HT to control the amount of released 5-HT in the nervous system and peripheral organs. Perikarya and fibers of 5-HT neurons are mostly located in the cortices and neuropil of ganglia, respectively, and innervate the gonad. However, distribution and 5-HT content differ among species and sexes and undergo seasonal variations associated with gonadal development. The present review pays a special attention to future research perspectives to better understand 5-HT regulation of reproduction in bivalves.

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“…While L-phenylalanine and L-tyrosine are usually assimilated through dietary means, some 75 marine invertebrates have demonstrated an ability to take up free dissolved amino acids from seawater as an alternative or supplementary route (Söylemez et al 2010;Leroy et al 2012). In molluscs, endogenous levels of catecholamines and/or expres-80 sion of their receptors vary depending on developmental stage and age (Kreiling et al 2001), season or reproductive condition (López-Sánchez et al 2009) and exposure to environmental stressors, such as air exposure, mechanical agitation, temperature and sa-85 linity (Chen et al 2008;Qu et al 2009). Thus, catecholamine metabolism is an important pathway linking a wide array of molluscan behaviours and their regulation by external stimuli.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Putative involvement of adrenergic receptors in regulation of mussel (Perna canaliculus) larval settlement

Young

Sánchez-Lazo

Robertson

2015

Marine Biology Research

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Settlement responses were investigated for mussel (Perna canaliculus) larvae after exposure to catecholamines and their precursor metabolites. Settlement and mortality assays were conducted in Petri plates with chemical treatments (L-phenylalanine, L-tyrosine, L-DOPA, dopamine hydrochloride and epinephrine at various concentrations) and controls. 15The proteinogenic amino acids L-phenylalanine and L-tyrosine both were effective inducers (~65%) of larval settlement at 10 −5 mol L −1 compared with controls (4%). Exposure of larvae to L-DOPA, dopamine and epinephrine resulted in maximum settlement induction (50, 60 and 51%, respectively) at 10 −5 mol L −1 . Larval mortalities were low (comparable to controls) across all concentrations of L-phenylalanine and L-tyrosine treatments whereas high mortalities (>60%) were observed for L-DOPA, dopamine and epinephrine at concentrations ≥ 10 −4 mol L −1. Our results indicate that P. canaliculus 20 larval settlement is under endogenous regulation by a catecholaminergic mechanism. Furthermore, the inductive effects of all tested metabolites in the epinephrine biosynthesis pathway point to a putative involvement of adrenergic-type receptors in regulation of larval settlement in this mussel species.

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Early development of the serotonergic and dopaminergic nervous system in Spisula solidissima (surf clam) larvae

Cited by 29 publications

References 42 publications

A new invertebrate member of the p53 gene family is developmentally expressed and responds to polychlorinated biphenyls.

A new invertebrate member of the p53 gene family is developmentally expressed and responds to polychlorinated biphenyls.

Structure-Function of Serotonin in Bivalve Molluscs

Putative involvement of adrenergic receptors in regulation of mussel (Perna canaliculus) larval settlement

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