Early differences in fecal microbiota composition in children may predict overweight

Kalliomäki, Marko; Collado, María Carmen; Salminen, Seppo; Isolauri, Erika

doi:10.1093/ajcn/87.3.534

Cited by 945 publications

(750 citation statements)

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“…The gut microbiota enables hydrolysis of indigestible polysaccharides to easily‐absorbable monosaccharides and activation of lipoprotein lipase by direct action of the villous epithelium. Consequently, glucose is rapidly adsorbed and fatty acids are stored in excess (Kalliomäki et al ., 2008), providing an additional source of energy for the body (Turnbaugh et al ., 2006). The significantly higher concentration of SCFAs in obese participants in our study may indicate that in obese children colonic fermentation is elevated, or alternatively that there is decreased SCFA absorption due to low‐grade inflammation or more rapid gut transit.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric obesity is associated with an altered gut microbiota and discordant shifts in Firmicutes populations

Riva

Borgo

Lassandro³

et al. 2016

Environmental Microbiology

340

201

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SummaryAn altered gut microbiota has been linked to obesity in adulthood, although little is known about childhood obesity. The aim of this study was to characterize the composition of the gut microbiota in obese (n = 42) and normal‐weight (n = 36) children aged 6 to 16. Using 16S rRNA gene‐targeted sequencing, we evaluated taxa with differential abundance according to age‐ and sex‐normalized body mass index (BMI z‐score). Obesity was associated with an altered gut microbiota characterized by elevated levels of Firmicutes and depleted levels of Bacteroidetes. Correlation network analysis revealed that the gut microbiota of obese children also had increased correlation density and clustering of operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Members of the Bacteroidetes were generally better predictors of BMI z‐score and obesity than Firmicutes, which was likely due to discordant responses of Firmicutes OTUs. In accordance with these observations, the main metabolites produced by gut bacteria, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), were higher in obese children, suggesting elevated substrate utilisation. Multiple taxa were correlated with SCFA levels, reinforcing the tight link between the microbiota, SCFAs and obesity. Our results suggest that gut microbiota dysbiosis and elevated fermentation activity may be involved in the etiology of childhood obesity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric obesity is associated with an altered gut microbiota and discordant shifts in Firmicutes populations

Riva

Borgo

Lassandro³

et al. 2016

Environmental Microbiology

340

201

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The enumeration of major bacterial groups was carried out by fluorescent in situ hybridization combined with flow cytometry as described earlier by Kalliomäki and co-workers (Kalliomäki et al 2008). Briefly, fecal samples were homogenized in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and the cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde at 4°C overnight, centrifuged at 22,000×g for 3 min followed by washing with PBS.…”

Section: Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization and Flow Cytometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fixed samples were stored in PBS-ethanol (1:1) at −20°C until analysis. The bacteria were labeled with the following group-and genus-specific probes targeting the eubacterial 16S rRNA: Bacteroides-Prevotella group (Bac303, 5′-CCAATGTGGGGGACCTT), the Bifidobacterium genus (Bif164, 5′-CATCCGGCATTACCACCC), the Clostridium histolyticum group (CHis150, 5′-TTATGCGGTATTAATCT(C/T)CCTTT), the Lactobacillus-Enterococcus group (Lab158, 5′-GGTAT TAGCA(T/C)GTGTTTCCA) (Kalliomäki et al 2008) and Akkermansia muciniphila-like bacteria [MUC-1437 (5′-CCTTGCGGTTGGCTTCAGAT-3′] (Derrien et al 2008). The probes were labeled at the 5′-end with indocyanine (Cy3; MOLBIOL, Berlin, Germany).…”

Section: Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization and Flow Cytometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The probes were labeled at the 5′-end with indocyanine (Cy3; MOLBIOL, Berlin, Germany). The EUB 338 probe (Kalliomäki et al 2008) labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) was used to identify bacterial cells from potential other particles present in the samples. Specific cell enumeration was performed by combining each of the groupspecific Cy3 probes with the EUB 338-FICT probe.…”

Section: Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization and Flow Cytometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The hybridized cells were collected after washing by centrifugation (22,000×g for 5 min) and resuspended in PBS. Flow cytometric analyses were performed as previously described (Kalliomäki et al 2008) using a BD LSR II flow cytometer (Becton Dickinson and Co, Franklin Lakes, NJ) equipped with a 488-nm laser at 15 mW and BD FACSDIVA software, version 4.1.1 (Becton Dickinson and Co). Results were expressed as the numbers of cells hybridizing with the specific groupCy3 probe and total bacteria EUB 338-FITC probe.…”

Section: Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization and Flow Cytometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Probiotic cheese containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 and Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM® modifies subpopulations of fecal lactobacilli and Clostridium difficile in the elderly

Lahtinen

Forssten

Aakko

et al. 2011

AGE

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Aging is associated with alterations in the intestinal microbiota and with immunosenescence. Probiotics have the potential to modify a selected part of the intestinal microbiota as well as improve immune functions and may, therefore, be particularly beneficial to elderly consumers. In this randomized, controlled cross-over clinical trial, we assessed the effects of a probiotic cheese containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 and Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM on the intestinal microbiota and fecal immune markers of 31 elderly volunteers and compared these effects with the administration of the same cheese without probiotics. The probiotic cheese was found to increase the number of L. rhamnosus and L. acidophilus NCFM in the feces, suggesting the survival of the strains during the gastrointestinal transit. Importantly, probiotic cheese administration was associated with a trend towards lower counts of Clostridium difficile in the elderly, as compared with the run-in period with the plain cheese. The effect was statistically significant in the subpopulation of the elderly who harbored C. difficile at the start of the study. The probiotic cheese was not found to significantly alter the levels of the major microbial groups, suggesting that the microbial changes conferred by the probiotic cheese were limited to specific bacterial groups. Despite that the administration of the probiotic cheese to the study population has earlier been shown to significantly improve the innate immunity of the elders, we did not observe measurable changes in the fecal immune IgA concentrations. No increase in fecal calprotectin and β-defensin concentrations suggests that the probiotic treatment did not affect intestinal inflammatory markers. In conclusion, the administration of probiotic cheese containing L. rhamnosus HN001 and L. acidophilus NCFM, was associated with specific changes in the intestinal microbiota, mainly affecting specific subpopulations of intestinal lactobacilli and C. difficile, but did not have significant effects on the major microbial groups or the fecal immune markers.

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Association of Early-Life Antibiotic Use and Protective Effects of Breastfeeding

et al. 2016

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IMPORTANCE Long duration of breastfeeding is known to reduce the frequency of infections and the risk of overweight, both of which are prevalent health problems among children, but the mechanisms are unclear.OBJECTIVES To test whether early-life antibiotic use in children prevents the beneficial long-term effects of breastfeeding on weight development and lifetime antibiotic use, and to investigate whether the duration of breastfeeding is associated with long-term microbiota development.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Retrospective cohort study, conducted from June 2015 to December 2015, of the association between the duration of breastfeeding and lifetime antibiotic use by children as well as body mass index (BMI; calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) z score in a cohort of 226 healthy children aged 2 to 6 years attending day care at the study area in northern Finland and participating in a probiotic trial from October 1, 2009, through April 30, 2010. Fecal microbiota composition analysis was performed in a subcohort of 42 of these children.EXPOSURES Duration of breastfeeding and the number of different antibiotic courses purchased for the child. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESThe BMI z score, lifetime antibiotic use after weaning, and fecal microbiota composition.RESULTS A total of 226 children (mean [SD] age, 55 [1.4] months; 54% male) were included in the study. Among the 113 children with no antibiotics before weaning, each month of breastfeeding decreased the mean number of postweaning antibiotic courses by 5% (95% CI, 2% to 8%; P = .001) and mean BMI z scores by 0.08 unit (95% CI, 0.04 to 0.11; P < .001). Among the 113 early-life antibiotic users, the effect of breastfeeding on postweaning antibiotic use was borderline significant (estimated 4% decrease per month; 95% CI, 0% to 7%; P = .04) and the effect on BMI z score disappeared (estimated 1% increase; 95% CI, −3% to 5%; P = .50). In the subcohort of 42 children with fecal microbiota composition analysis, the children with short breastfeeding duration (0-6 months) and no early-life antibiotic use or with long breastfeeding duration (8-16 months) and early-life use of antibiotics had a significantly lower abundance of Bifidobacterium (by 55%; 95% CI, 43% to 87%; P = .006; and 39%, 95% CI, 30% to 68%; P < .001, respectively) and Akkermansia (by 71%; 95% CI, 28% to 87%; P = .008; and 69%; 95% CI, 22% to 90%; P = .02, respectively) compared with those with long duration of breastfeeding and no early-life antibiotics.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Antibiotic use in a child during breastfeeding may weaken the beneficial effects of long breastfeeding duration. The results suggest that particularly the long-term metabolic benefits of breastfeeding are conveyed by the intestinal microbiota.

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Early differences in fecal microbiota composition in children may predict overweight

Abstract: Aberrant compositional development of the gut microbiota precedes overweight, offering new possibilities for preventive and therapeutic applications in weight management.

Cited by 945 publications

References 34 publications

Pediatric obesity is associated with an altered gut microbiota and discordant shifts in Firmicutes populations

Pediatric obesity is associated with an altered gut microbiota and discordant shifts in Firmicutes populations

Probiotic cheese containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 and Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM® modifies subpopulations of fecal lactobacilli and Clostridium difficile in the elderly

Association of Early-Life Antibiotic Use and Protective Effects of Breastfeeding

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