Early Effects of Mycorrhizal Fungal Inoculum and Fertilizer on Morphological and Physiological Variables of Nursery-Grown Nothofagus alessandrii Plants

Abstract

Nothofagus alessandrii (ruil) is an endangered relict species, endemic to the Mediterranean area of Chile, and one of the most threatened trees in the country. Its natural distribution area has been greatly reduced by the effect of human activities; the remaining fragments are mostly intervened and highly deteriorated as a habitat and refuge for the associated biodiversity. In order to produce healthy and resistant nursery plants for recovery and restoration of N. alessandrii forests, this study evaluates the early effects of mycorrhizal fungal inoculum (MFI) combined with fertilization on the cultivation of seedlings. The experiment was established under a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement of the mycorrhizal factors (M0 = without mycorrhizal, M1 = Thelephora sp. and M2 = Hebeloma sp.) and fertilization (F1 = standard fertilization and F2 = intensive fertilization), with three replicates of each combination, for each type of plant (P1 = plants from one season and P2 = plants from two seasons). Each experimental unit corresponded to a group of 20 plants, with 720 plants in the test. The results indicate that application of fertilizer and MFI significantly affects some growth and photosynthesis parameters of ruil plants in one and two seasons. The morphological parameters obtained in the study show shoot height values ranging between 67 and 91 cm for P1 and between 96 and 111 cm for P2; while, for shoot diameter, values ranged between 7.91 and 8.24 mm for P1 and between 10.91 and 11.49 mm for P2. Although formation of fully developed mycorrhizal roots was not observed during the assay period, we conclude that inoculation of mycorrhizal fungi combined with fertilization could be an efficient strategy to produce a quality plant, in addition to maintaining a high photosynthetic capacity and, therefore, a higher percentage of survival in the field.

Using UAVs and Machine Learning for Nothofagus alessandrii Species Identification in Mediterranean Forests

“…The study area "14 Vueltas" is located in the commune of Curepto (−72.066104°, −35.119434°) at an approximate altitude of 196 m (above sea level) with an area of 69.95 ha, while "Agua Buena" is located in the commune of Constitución (−72.142403°, sea level) with an area of 145.69 ha. The mean annual temperature is equal to 14.2 • C, and the mean annual rainfall is 845 mm [9].…”

“…−35.273924°) at an altitude of 333 m (above sea level) and an area of 141,33 ha; finally, "El Fin" is located in the commune of Empedrado (−72.344827°, −35.629865°) at an altitude of 341 m (above sea level) with an area of 145.69 ha. The mean annual temperature is equal to 14.2 °C, and the mean annual rainfall is 845 mm [9].…”

“…The authors suggested that the use of UAV remote sensing could save time, cost, and manpower for these purposes. The number of trees or the composition of stands are important parameters in sustainable forest planning and management [9]. Fast and accurate determination of canopy cover can be achieved using UAVs [10], leading to decisions that improve optimal stand quality and productivity.…”

Fostering Growth in Cinnamomum kanehirae Cuttings: The Beneficial Role of Dark Septate Endophytes in Forest Nursery Management

“…The development of roots is essential for the successful establishment of seedlings during forest restoration. Mycorrhization, a technique gaining global significance in nursery seedling cultivation, has demonstrated its ability to enhance plant growth and enhance the overall plant performance when it is relocated to field settings [7]. It has also been demonstrated that inoculating seedlings or cuttings with different mycorrhizal fungi during the early stages of cultivation can affect their performance after being transplanted for reforestation [7].…”

“…Mycorrhization, a technique gaining global significance in nursery seedling cultivation, has demonstrated its ability to enhance plant growth and enhance the overall plant performance when it is relocated to field settings [7]. It has also been demonstrated that inoculating seedlings or cuttings with different mycorrhizal fungi during the early stages of cultivation can affect their performance after being transplanted for reforestation [7]. Previous studies have shown that inoculating beneficial microorganisms in the nursery can enhance seedling growth and nutrient efficiency [8][9][10].…”