Early Effects of the New York City Paid Safe and Sick Leave Law

Abstract

Context: Paid sick leave (PSL) is a public health strategy associated with benefits for workers, businesses, and consumers. In the absence of a federal law, in 2014, New York City (NYC) joined other state and municipal governments with local PSL policies. Objectives: To examine changes in PSL after the implementation of NYC's 2014 Paid Safe and Sick Leave Law and to assess which communities remain less likely to use PSL. Design: This study uses data from multiple panels of the NYC Longitudinal Survey of Wellbeing (NYC-LSW)—a population-representative study of NYC adults—to track changes in PSL, using data collected before and after NYC's Paid Safe and Sick Leave Law was implemented. We use weighted cross-tabulations and multinomial logistic regression models to assess changes in payment for sick leave since the implementation of the law. Setting and Participants: The study includes 2985 NYC adults aged 18 to 64 years who reported working for pay in the year preceding the survey where PSL questions were asked (2014-2019). Main Outcome Measure(s): Use of sick leave and payment for sick leave. Results: Weighted descriptive results show a 7-percentage-point increase (P = .02) in the rate of being paid for all sick days and a 6-percentage-point decrease (P = .02) in not being paid for any sick days. Results from multinomial logistic regression models, adjusting for potential confounders, show that after implementation of the law, workers with low levels of education, who are younger, Latino, and foreign-born remain less likely than their peers to use PSL. Conclusions: We demonstrate that the PSL mandate expanded access for employees but not evenly across groups. These results offer guidance to other jurisdictions implementing PSL policies, suggesting the need for targeted education and enforcement efforts to ensure policies reach sectors where low-wage workers are most prevalent.

Labor Market Effects of Paid Sick Leave: The Case of Seattle

“…We reason that the lack of policy effects found in the food and accommodation industry may be attributed to the fact that workers had the option to swap shifts rather than use their paid leave. 17 Alternatively, it may take time for the impacts of PSL policies to be fully realized among subgroups of workers because of learning curves and employer discrimination or retaliation (Maury et al 2023).…”

“…Moreover, quasi-experimental studies show that state and local paid sick leave policies, such as the policy in Seattle, found the following results: the laws expanded coverage and usage of it (Maury et al, 2023), and reduced presenteeism in the workplace (Callison and Pesko 2022;Pichler and Ziebarth 2017;Stearns and White 2018). In addition, they reduced population-level influenza-like illness and disease rates (Pichler, Wen, and Ziebarth 2021;Pichler and Ziebarth 2017), did not impact attendance, and had little effect on employment and earnings (Pichler and Ziebarth 2018).…”