Early events in cell-animal virus interactions.

Interaction of influenza virus with swine alveolar macrophages: Influence of anti-virus antibodies and cytochalasin B

“…It is therefore proposed that the influenza virus toxic effect could depend upon SAM phagocytic capacities. It has been claimed that the influenza virus is able to penetrate into the cytoplasm through the phagosomes [7]. However, antibodies which promote virus ingestion by macrophages [3,16] could induce the phago-lysosome fusion so that virus degradation could occur, as reviewed by Elsbach [9]: this would explain why, in our experiments, antibody-virus complexes did not lyse SAM.…”

Electron Microscopy Analysis of Viral Morphogenesis

“…Since many viruses have characteristic structures that are easily identified in the electron microscope, studies of ultrathin sections of plastic-embedded preparations of virus infected cells by TEM can be remarkably informative. Indeed, most of the early investigations into viral life cycles used plastic-embedded specimens (Dales, 1973). Various stages of the viral life cycles have been documented by EM 20.…”

Picornavirus inhibitors

“…Viral infection commences by the recognition and attachment of virion particles to specific molecules located on the surface of cells, the so-called receptors (Dales, 1973;Dimmock, 1982;Lentz, 1990). The chemical nature of the receptor molecules varies, depending on the species of virus that infects the cells, but many identified receptors are proteins and, more particularly, glycoproteins (Dales, 1973;Dimmock, 1982;Lentz, 1990). In principle, a single virus species can use different receptor molecules on a single cell type or on different kinds of cells.…”

“…In principle, a single virus species can use different receptor molecules on a single cell type or on different kinds of cells. In addition, different virus species can use the same receptor to land on the cell that is to become infected (Dales, 1973;Dimmock, 1982;Lentz, 1990). The presence of receptors on the cell surface determines, in many instances, the viral tropism, i.e.…”

“…The presence of receptors on the cell surface determines, in many instances, the viral tropism, i.e. the susceptibility of a given set of cells in the organism to infection by a particular virus (Dales, 1973;Dimmock, 1982;Lentz, 1990). In addition, the interaction of viruses with cell surface receptors is one of the targets through which viral infection might be blocked (Lentz, 1990).…”