Early exercise training improves ischemic outcome in rats by cerebral hemodynamics

Tian, Shu; Zhang, Youcan; Shen, Tian; Yang, Xiaojiao; Yu, Kewei; Zhang, Yuling; Shen, Xiafeng; Zhang, Liping; Sun, Yu; Xie, Haiyang; He, Zhaoyi; Guo, Zhiliang; Jia, Jie; Wu, Yi; Bai, Yulong; Zhu, Yulian; Cheng, Yong; Wang, Xinggang; Wu, Junfa; Wang, Nianhong; Yu, Huixian; Hu, Ya-Han

doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2013.07.049

Cited by 24 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…It was well documented that post-stroke rehabilitative treatment effectively improved the recovery of motor function of young animals (Borlongan, 2000;Ding et al, 2004;Maier et al, 2008;Zhao et al, 2009;Rha et al, 2011;Tian et al, 2013;Zhang et al, 2013b). Consistent with these studies conducted in young animals, forced limb-use improved behavioral performance in the beamwalking test of aged ischemic rats despite the fact that the aged rats exhibited more severe neurological impairments and poor functional recovery (Buchhold et al, 2007;Popa-Wagner et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Forced limb-use enhanced neurogenesis and behavioral recovery after stroke in the aged rats

Zhao

et al. 2015

Neuroscience

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Forced limb-use enhanced neurogenesis and behavioral recovery after stroke in the aged rats

Zhao

et al. 2015

Neuroscience

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“…In intact animals, exercise and EE increase angiogenesis in the hippocampus, striatum, and cortex [3,37]. Similarly, in the poststroke brain, exercise enhances vascular growth, contributing to sustained increases in microvasculature, cerebral blood flow, and functional recovery [64,65].…”

Section: How Do Exercise and Enrichment Enhance Plasticity And Recovery?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, following stroke humans spontaneously develop a reliance on their nonparetic limb [65,66], which leads to learned nonuse of the affected limb and persistent compensatory behavior with further reduction in use of the impaired limb [67]. In rats, forced training of the nonimpaired forelimb has a negative effect on the recovery of the impaired limb [68,69].…”

Section: How Do Exercise and Enrichment Enhance Plasticity And Recovery?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise and Environmental Enrichment as Enablers of Task-Specific Neuroplasticity and Stroke Recovery

et al. 2016

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Improved stroke care has resulted in greater survival, but >50 % of patients have chronic disabilities and 33 % are institutionalized. While stroke rehabilitation is helpful, recovery is limited and the most significant gains occur in the first 2-3 months. Stroke triggers an early wave of gene and protein changes, many of which are potentially beneficial for recovery. It is likely that these molecular changes are what subserve spontaneous recovery. Two interventions, aerobic exercise and environmental enrichment, have pleiotropic actions that influence many of the same molecular changes associated with stroke injury and subsequent spontaneous recovery. Enrichment paradigms have been used for decades in adult and neonatal animal models of brain injury and are now being adapted for use in the clinic. Aerobic exercise enhances motor recovery and helps reduce depression after stroke. While exercise attenuates many of the signs associated with normal aging (e.g., hippocampal atrophy), its ability to reverse cognitive impairments subsequent to stroke is less evident. It may be that stroke, like other diseases such as cancer, needs to use multimodal treatments that augment complimentary neurorestorative processes.

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“…Both clinical and animal studies have focused on fixed training intensity [26, 27]. It remains unclear whether varied training intensity is more effective.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gradually Increased Training Intensity Benefits Rehabilitation Outcome after Stroke by BDNF Upregulation and Stress Suppression

Sun

Zheng

Yip

et al. 2014

BioMed Research International

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Physical training is necessary for effective rehabilitation in the early poststroke period. Animal studies commonly use fixed training intensity throughout rehabilitation and without adapting it to the animals' recovered motor ability. This study investigated the correlation between training intensity and rehabilitation efficacy by using a focal ischemic stroke rat model. Eighty male Sprague-Dawley rats were induced with middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion surgery. Sixty rats with successful stroke were then randomly assigned into four groups: control (CG, n = 15), low intensity (LG, n = 15), gradually increased intensity (GIG, n = 15), and high intensity (HG, n = 15). Behavioral tests were conducted daily to evaluate motor function recovery. Stress level and neural recovery were evaluated via plasma corticosterone and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentration, respectively. GIG rats significantly (P < 0.05) recovered motor function and produced higher hippocampal BDNF (112.87 ± 25.18 ng/g). GIG and LG rats exhibited similar stress levels (540.63 ± 117.40 nM/L and 508.07 ± 161.30 nM/L, resp.), which were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than that (716.90 ± 156.48 nM/L) of HG rats. Training with gradually increased intensity achieved better recovery with lower stress. Our observations indicate that a training protocol that includes gradually increasing training intensity should be considered in both animal and clinical studies for better stroke recovery.

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Early exercise training improves ischemic outcome in rats by cerebral hemodynamics

Cited by 24 publications

References 30 publications

Forced limb-use enhanced neurogenesis and behavioral recovery after stroke in the aged rats

Forced limb-use enhanced neurogenesis and behavioral recovery after stroke in the aged rats

Exercise and Environmental Enrichment as Enablers of Task-Specific Neuroplasticity and Stroke Recovery

Gradually Increased Training Intensity Benefits Rehabilitation Outcome after Stroke by BDNF Upregulation and Stress Suppression

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