ach year, more than 20 million procedures to repair inguinal hernia are performed worldwide. 1 The lifetime risk of developing an inguinal hernia is 27% for men compared with only 3% for women. 2 However, studies have reported that 8% to 16% of patients with inguinal hernia are females. 3,4 Nevertheless, to our knowledge, no randomized controlled trial (RCT) or systematic review has specifically addressed repair of groin hernia in women. 5 Guidelines for repair of inguinal hernias in women are based mainly on subgroup analyses of national database studies in which most patients were men. [5][6][7] Differences regarding pelvic and inguinal anatomy between men and women 8 could mean that the recurrence rate of inguinal hernias may differ, and recurrences after repair of inguinal hernia in women may be a previously undiagnosed femoral hernia. 9,10 Therefore, the rate and type of recurrence for in-guinal hernias needs to be assessed specifically in women. This study investigates rates and types of recurrences in women who underwent repair of a primary inguinal hernia.
MethodsThis study was reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guideline. 11 A detailed protocol was registered at the PROSPERO systematic review registration site (registration CRD42017081152). 12 Participants in the study were women age 18 years or older who had undergone repair of a primary unilateral or bilateral inguinal hernia. Studies including participants with solely recurrent inguinal hernias or solely femor-IMPORTANCE To our knowledge, a systematic review has not yet been performed that specifically addresses the management of inguinal hernia in women. Recurrence after repair of inguinal hernia is not unusual in women and may be a previously undiagnosed femoral hernia, which is rarely seen in men. OBJECTIVE To investigate rates and types of recurrences in women who had undergone repair of primary inguinal hernia.EVIDENCE REVIEW PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane databases were searched in September 2017 for studies reporting recurrences after repair of primary inguinal hernia in women. Crude rates of recurrence (number of recurrences/number of women) were calculated after open and laparoscopic repairs, and the type of recurrent hernia was registered, if noted in the studies. This review is reported according to the PRISMA guideline. FINDINGS A total of 55 studies were included, comprising 43 870 women (mean age, 42-69 years; median age, 57 years). Five studies were randomized clinical trials, 14 were prospective cohort studies, 7 were prospective database studies, and 29 were retrospective cohort studies. Twenty studies reported recurrence after laparoscopic repair, with a crude recurrence rate of 1.2% (27 of 2257) (range, 0%-5%) and a median follow-up of 24 months. Thirty-seven studies reported open repair, with a crude recurrence rate of 2.4% (818 of 33 971) (range, 0%-12.5%) and a median follow-up of 36 months. The crude recurrence rate in randomized clinical trials and prospectiv...