Early exposure to agricultural soil accelerates the maturation of the early-life pig gut microbiota

Vo, Nguyen; Tsai, Tsung Cheng; Maxwell, C. V.; Carbonero, Franck

doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2017.02.022

Cited by 59 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The temporal alpha diversity patterns found in the piglet fecal bacteriome ( Figure 1 A) were similar to those found in previous fecal studies [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ], with increasing Shannon diversity from birth through the weaning. This same pattern was also evident in evenness and richness over the same time period ( Figure 1 C and Figure S3A ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Temporal Dynamics of the Gut Bacteriome and Mycobiome in the Weanling Pig

2020

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Weaning is a period of environmental changes and stress that results in significant alterations to the piglet gut microbiome and is associated with a predisposition to disease, making potential interventions of interest to the swine industry. In other animals, interactions between the bacteriome and mycobiome can result in altered nutrient absorption and susceptibility to disease, but these interactions remain poorly understood in pigs. Recently, we assessed the colonization dynamics of fungi and bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract of piglets at a single time point post-weaning (day 35) and inferred interactions were found between fungal and bacterial members of the porcine gut ecosystem. In this study, we performed a longitudinal assessment of the fecal bacteriome and mycobiome of piglets from birth through the weaning transition. Piglet feces in this study showed a dramatic shift over time in the bacterial and fungal communities, as well as an increase in network connectivity between the two kingdoms. The piglet fecal bacteriome showed a relatively stable and predictable pattern of development from Bacteroidaceae to Prevotellaceae, as seen in other studies, while the mycobiome demonstrated a loss in diversity over time with a post-weaning population dominated by Saccharomycetaceae. The mycobiome demonstrated a more transient community that is likely driven by factors such as diet or environmental exposure rather than an organized pattern of colonization and succession evidenced by fecal sample taxonomic clustering with nursey feed samples post-weaning. Due to the potential tractability of the community, the mycobiome may be a viable candidate for potential microbial interventions that will alter piglet health and growth during the weaning transition.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Temporal Dynamics of the Gut Bacteriome and Mycobiome in the Weanling Pig

2020

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“…Fecal samples were collected on days 21, 62, and 78 and stored at −80°C until processed for next-generation sequencing targeting the V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene following the procedure in Vo et al (2017) . Briefly, genomic DNA was extracted from fecal samples using the DNeasy stool kit (Qiagen, Inc., West Carlsbad, CA, United States), quantified with NanoDrop (ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, United States), normalized to 10 ng/μl, and used as template for 16S rRNA gene sequencing on the Illumina Miseq platform using the MiSeq Reagent kit v2 (Illumina, Inc., San Diego, CA, United States).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolated Rearing at Lactation Increases Gut Microbial Diversity and Post-weaning Performance in Pigs

et al. 2018

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Environment and diet are two major factors affecting the human gut microbiome. In this study, we used a pig model to determine the impact of these two factors during lactation on the gut microbiome, immune system, and growth performance. We assigned 80 4-day-old pigs from 20 sows to two rearing strategies at lactation: conventional rearing on sow’s milk (SR) or isolated rearing on milk replacer supplemented with solid feed starting on day 10 (IR). At weaning (day 21), SR and IR piglets were co-mingled (10 pens of 4 piglets/pen) and fed the same corn-soybean meal-dried distiller grain with solubles- and antibiotic-free diets for eight feeding phase regimes. Fecal samples were collected on day 21, 62, and 78 for next-generation sequencing of the V4 hypervariable region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. Results indicate that IR significantly increased swine microbial diversity and changed the microbiome structure at day 21. Such changes diminished after the two piglet groups were co-mingled and fed the same diet. Post-weaning growth performance also improved in IR piglets. Toward the end of the nursery period (NP), IR piglets had greater average daily gain (0.49 vs. 0.41 kg/d; P < 0.01) and average daily feed intake (0.61 vs. 0.59 kg/d; P < 0.01) but lower feed efficiency (0.64 vs. 0.68; P = 0.05). Consequently, IR piglets were heavier by 2.9 kg (P < 0.01) at the end of NP, and by 4.1 kg (P = 0.08) at market age compared to SR piglets. Interestingly, pigs from the two groups had similar lean tissue percentage. Random forest analysis showed that members of Leuconostoc and Lactococcus best differentiated the IR and SR piglets at weaning (day 21), were negatively correlated with levels of Foxp3 regulatory T cell populations on day 20, and positively correlated with post-weaning growth performance. Our results suggest that rearing strategies may be managed so as to accelerate early-life establishment of the swine gut microbiome to enhance growth performance in piglets.

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“…Thus exposure to soil, house dust, and decaying plants can impact the diversity and composition of gut microbiota. An animal study showed that the gut microbiota of lactating piglets that were exposed to soil was enriched in Bacteroidetes and Ruminococcaceae (Vo et al 2017). A high-throughput sequencing method study found that exposure of BALB/c mice to three different environment conditions (specific pathogenfree animal room, general animal room, and farm house) gave each group its own specific gut microbiota structure.…”

Section: House Dust Microbiome and Gut Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

House dust microbiome and human health risks

Shan

Fan

et al. 2019

Int Microbiol

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People spend a lot of time indoors and the indoor microbiome is a major part of the environment that we are exposed to. However, awareness of the exposure to the indoor microbiome and its health effects remains poor. Outdoor environment (soil and air), indoor sources (ventilation, dampness and building materials), human occupants, and pets compose the indoor microbial community. It has been estimated that up to 500-1000 different species can be present in house dust. House dust is a major source and reservoir of indoor microbiome, which influences human microbiome and determines health and disease. Herein, we review the origins and the components of the fungal and bacterial communities in house dust and their possible effect on human health, in particular on allergic disorders, intestinal microbiome, and immune responses. We expect to lay a solid foundation for the further study on the mechanisms of how the house dust microbes interact with the host microbiome and the human immune system. Keywords House dust microbiome. Fungal community. Bacterial community. Allergic diseases. Gut microbiome In urban environments, humans spend even 90% of their time indoors and are exposed to a wide range of microbial taxa present in house dust. Reduced contact with biodiversity associated with the environmental microbiome from soil and air may adversely affect human health and increase, e.g., the allergy risk (Hanski et al. 2012). Outdoor environment (soil and air), indoor sources (ventilation, dampness, and building materials), human occupants, and pets compose the indoor microbial community. It has been estimated that up to 500-1000 different species can be present in house dust (Rintala et al. 2012). Indoor fungal communities are mainly influenced by the outdoor environment, while indoor bacteria are more likely affected by occupants, pets, and ventilation methods (Barberan et al. 2015a; Meadow et al. 2014). A strong geographic pattern has been reported for indoor fungal communities (Amend et al. 2010), which are also influenced by the season (Nevalainen et al. 2015; Pitkaranta

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Early exposure to agricultural soil accelerates the maturation of the early-life pig gut microbiota

Cited by 59 publications

References 60 publications

Temporal Dynamics of the Gut Bacteriome and Mycobiome in the Weanling Pig

Temporal Dynamics of the Gut Bacteriome and Mycobiome in the Weanling Pig

Isolated Rearing at Lactation Increases Gut Microbial Diversity and Post-weaning Performance in Pigs

House dust microbiome and human health risks

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