Early flank uplift along the Suez Rift: Implications for the role of mantle plumes and the onset of the Dead Sea Transform

Morag, Navot; Haviv, Itai; Eyal, M.; Kohn, Barry P.; Feinstein, Shimon

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2019.03.002

Cited by 22 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…From a mechanical perspective—initiation in the Red Sea area seems more likely when considering the strength of the oceanic crust in the vicinity of the Suez Rift (Steckler & ten Brink, 1986) as the trigger for cessation of extension along the Gulf of Suez (Lyakhovsky et al, 2012). This is also supported by recent thermochronological data which suggest that extension‐related exhumation along the margins of Suez rift had ceased by ~18 Ma (Morag et al, 2019) exactly when intensive faulting marks the initiation of the DST.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

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Evolution and Propagation of an Active Plate Boundary: U‐Pb Ages of Fault‐Related Calcite From the Dead Sea Transform

et al. 2020

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We utilize in situ U‐Pb geochronology of fault‐related calcite to date faulting activity along the Dead Sea Transform (DST) plate boundary and constrain the evolution of continental breakup. U‐Pb ages from 30 well‐constrained Tera‐Wasserburg data sets of syntectonic calcite precipitates along the northern part of the DST delineate two key periods of faulting activity: (1) Maastricht (latest Cretaceous) to Eocene (70–37 Ma) and (2) middle Miocene (18–10 Ma). The latter period is more extensive and is associated with normal and left‐lateral shearing deformation. Ages of ~18 Ma, obtained from the western and eastern most strands (~20 km apart), indicate that branching in the northern DST occurred during the initial stage of the DST development. Comparison of the new ages from the northern part of the DST with U‐Pb ages from the southern part highlights prominent faulting activity during the early to middle Miocene (20–10 Ma), with earliest ages of ~18 Ma in the south and younger ages of ~14 Ma in the north. This pattern suggests that the genesis of this plate boundary started adjacent to the Red Sea rift and migrated from south to north during a 3.5–4 Ma period (between 18 and 14 Ma) at an average rate of 11–13 cm/year. Such propagation data can be used to decipher the mechanical evolution of the lithosphere along evolving plate boundaries.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…McQuarrie et al, 2003, 4. Steckler et al, 1988; Morag et al, 2019, 5. Shaliv, 1991; Garfunkel, 2014, 6.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution and Propagation of an Active Plate Boundary: U‐Pb Ages of Fault‐Related Calcite From the Dead Sea Transform

et al. 2020

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“…Through a synthesis of the upper crustal thermal evolution of the Red Sea margins, rift nucleation, inception and propagation mechanisms are explored. Bosworth, 2015;Thiéblemont et al, 2016;Bosworth and Stockli, 2016) showing the locations of published AFT (green circles: 1,2 Abbate et al, 2002Abbate et al, , 20013 Balestrieri et al, 2005;4 Abebe et al, 2010;5 Balestrieri et al, 2009;6 Bohannon et al, 1989;7 Bojar et al, 2002;8 Feinstein et al, 2013;9 Ghebreab et al, 2002;10 Kohn and Eyal, 1981;11 Kohn et al, 1997;12 Kohn et al, 2019;13 Menzies et al, 1992Menzies et al, , 199714 Morag et al, 2019;15 Naylor et al, 2013;16,17 Omar et al, 198716,17 Omar et al, , 1989 and AHe data (red circles: 3 Balestrieri et al, 2005;12 Kohn et al, 2019;14 Morag et al, 2019;18 Szymanski et al, 2016;19 Vermeesch et al, 2009). Note, detailed AFT data from Omar and Steckler (1995) was not published (location 20).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tectono-Thermal Evolution of the Red Sea Rift

2021

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The Oligocene-Recent Red Sea rift is one of the preeminent examples of lithospheric rupture in the recent geological past, forming the basis for many models of how continental breakup occurs and progresses to the formation of new oceanic crust. Utilisation of low-temperature thermochronology in the Red Sea Rift since the 1980s has been key to constraining its spatio-temporal evolution, providing constraints for the propagation of strain and geomorphological development of its margins where datable syn-tectonic strata and/or markers are absent. We review the wealth of published apatite fission track and (U-Th-Sm)/He data from along the Red Sea, affording insights into the Oligocene-Recent thermo-tectonic evolution of the Nubian and Arabian margins. A regional interpolation protocol was employed to synthesise time-temperature reconstructions generated from the mined thermochronology data and burial histories produced from vitrinite reflectance and well data. These cooling-heating maps record a series of pronounced episodes of upper crustal thermal flux related to the development of the Oligocene-Recent Red Sea Rift. Assimilation of these regional thermal history maps with paleogeographic reconstructions and regional magmatic and strain histories provide regional perspectives on the roles of tectonism and geodynamic activity in Red Sea formation and their effects on rift margin development.

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“…However, the Arabian Peninsula was mostly submerged below sea level from the Late Cretaceous to the early Oligocene when uplift and exhumation began with 235 the rifting of the Red Sea (Bohannon et al, 1989;Kohn and Eyal, 1981;Omar and Steckler, 1995). Recent studies show that uplift and exhumation commenced 21-25 Ma and decreased significantly at ~18 Ma, reaching maximal elevations of ~2.5 km along the flanks of the Suez Rift (e.g., Bar et al, 2016;Morag et al, 2019). Still, the rate and history of uplift of the Arabian Peninsula are not as well constrained.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many works which quantify the rates and timing of uplift related to the rifting of the Red Sea are confined to the edges of the Arabian plate and do not give good constrains for intercontinental uplift (Bar et al, 2016;Morag et al, 2019;Omar et al, 1989;Omar and Steckler, 1995).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Early–mid Miocene erosion rates measured in pre-Dead Sea rift Hazeva River using cosmogenic <sup>21</sup>Ne in fluvial chert pebbles

Ben-Israel

Matmon

Hidy

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Abstract. The Miocene Hazeva River was a large fluvial system (estimated catchment size > 100 000 km2) that drained the Arabian Plateau and Sinai Peninsula into the Mediterranean Sea during the Early–Mid Miocene. It was established after rifting of the Red Sea uplifted the Arabian Plateau during the Oligocene. Following late Miocene to early Pliocene subsidence along the Dead Sea Rift, the Hazeva drainage system was abandoned and dissected, resulting in new drainage divides on either side of the rift. We utilized a novel application of cosmogenic 21Ne measurements in chert to compare modern erosion rates with Miocene erosion rates that operated when the Hazeva River was active. We find that modern erosion rates derived from cosmogenic 21Ne, 26Al, and 10Be in exposed in situ chert nodules to be extremely slow, between 2–4 mm/kyr. Comparison between modern and paleo erosion rates, measured in chert pebbles, is not straightforward, as cosmogenic 21Ne was acquired partly during bedrock exhumation and partly during transport of these pebbles in the Hazeva River. However, even with bedrock erosion and maintained transport along this big river, 21Ne concentrations measured in Miocene cherts are lower (range between 3.66 ± 1.9 × 106 and 8.97 ± 1.39 × 106 atoms/g SiO2) compared to 21Ne concentrations measured in the currently eroding chert nodules (8.08 ± 1.48 × 106 and 12.10 ± 2.43 × 106 atoms/g SiO2). 21Ne concentrations in Miocene cherts correspond to minimum erosion rates that are at least twice as fast as rates calculated today. We attribute these faster erosion rates to a combination of continuous uplift and significantly wetter climatic conditions during the Miocene.

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Early flank uplift along the Suez Rift: Implications for the role of mantle plumes and the onset of the Dead Sea Transform

Cited by 22 publications

References 57 publications

Evolution and Propagation of an Active Plate Boundary: U‐Pb Ages of Fault‐Related Calcite From the Dead Sea Transform

Evolution and Propagation of an Active Plate Boundary: U‐Pb Ages of Fault‐Related Calcite From the Dead Sea Transform

Tectono-Thermal Evolution of the Red Sea Rift

Early–mid Miocene erosion rates measured in pre-Dead Sea rift Hazeva River using cosmogenic <sup>21</sup>Ne in fluvial chert pebbles

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Early flank uplift along the Suez Rift: Implications for the role of mantle plumes and the onset of the Dead Sea Transform

Cited by 22 publications

References 57 publications

Evolution and Propagation of an Active Plate Boundary: U‐Pb Ages of Fault‐Related Calcite From the Dead Sea Transform

Evolution and Propagation of an Active Plate Boundary: U‐Pb Ages of Fault‐Related Calcite From the Dead Sea Transform

Tectono-Thermal Evolution of the Red Sea Rift

Early–mid Miocene erosion rates measured in pre-Dead Sea rift Hazeva River using cosmogenic &lt;sup&gt;21&lt;/sup&gt;Ne in fluvial chert pebbles

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Early–mid Miocene erosion rates measured in pre-Dead Sea rift Hazeva River using cosmogenic <sup>21</sup>Ne in fluvial chert pebbles