Early growth and neurodevelopmental outcome in very preterm infants: impact of gender

Frondas-Chauty, Anne; Simon, Laure; Branger, B.; Gascoin, Géraldine; Flamant, Cyrille; Ancel, Pierre‐Yves; Darmaun, Dominique; Rozé, Jean‐Christophe

doi:10.1136/archdischild-2013-305464

Cited by 60 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…(16) We confirm that the excessive burden of cognitive deficits reported in boys in early childhood (5–10, 14, 18, 32) also is evident in later childhood. The excess of neurocognitive deficit seen in boys at age 10, evident across nearly all individual and summary neurocognitive test scores, does not support the finding in a study of children born at less than 32 weeks gestation that the cognitive disparity between boys and girls in early childhood is ameliorated after 5 years of age.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Girls and Boys Born before 28 Weeks Gestation: Risks of Cognitive, Behavioral, and Neurologic Outcomes at Age 10 Years

Kuban

Joseph

O’Shea

et al. 2016

The Journal of Pediatrics

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Objectives To compare the prevalence of cognitive, neurological, and behavioral outcomes at 10 years of age in 428 girls and 446 boys who were born extremely preterm (EP). Study design 889 of 966 eligible children previously enrolled in the multi-center Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborns (ELGAN) Study from 2002–2004 were evaluated at 10 years of age. Children underwent a neuropsychological battery and testing for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and parents reported on their child’s behavior, development, and seizures. Results 28% of boys and 21% of girls exhibited moderate to severe impairment on summary measures of cognitive abilities. Boys had a higher prevalence of impairment than girls in nearly all measures of cognition, were more than twice as likely to have microcephaly (15% in boys, 8% in girls), and require more often assistive devices to ambulate (6% in boys, 4% in girls). In contrast, boys and girls had comparable risk for a history of seizure (identified in 10% of the cohort) or epilepsy (identified in 7% of the cohort). The boy-to-girl ratio of ASD (9% in boys, 5% in girls) was lower than expected compared with the overall US autism population. Conclusion In this contemporary cohort of children born extremely premature and evaluated at school age, boys had higher prevalence of cognitive, neurological, and behavioral deficits than girls. The ratio of boys to girls among those with ASD deserves further study as does the perinatal environmental- genetic interactions that might contribute to male preponderance of deficits in this high-risk sample.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Girls and Boys Born before 28 Weeks Gestation: Risks of Cognitive, Behavioral, and Neurologic Outcomes at Age 10 Years

Kuban

Joseph

O’Shea

et al. 2016

The Journal of Pediatrics

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“…The current study further shows that a ∆ OLG-ELG less than –0.5 is associated with a significant increase in the risk of nonoptimal outcome at 2 years of age before and after adjustment for perinatal characteristics and neonatal weight growth. Such an observation complements the relationship between neonatal weight growth and 2-year neurodevelopmental outcome already documented in that cohort [4]. Although ∆ OLG-ELG clearly is not a screening test, its calculation may allow for an early detection of infants who are at an increased risk of long-term neurologic impairment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been known for several decades that a poor growth velocity in hospital is associated with a poor neurodevelopmental outcome in preterm infants [2, 3]. This association is significantly stronger in boys than girls [4, 5]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Preterm Infants, Length Growth below Expected Growth during Hospital Stay Predicts Poor Neurodevelopment at 2 Years

et al. 2018

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Background: In preterm infants, neonatal weight growth is associated with neurodevelopmental outcome but is a poor indicator of growth quality. Objective: The aim of this work was to measure the relationship between neonatal length growth and the 2-year neurological outcome in preterm infants. Methods: A total of 2,403 infants enrolled in the LIFT cohort with gestational age less than 34 weeks were studied. Neonatal observed length growth (OLG) was calculated as the change in length Z-score between birth and discharge. Expected length growth (ELG) was estimated based on gestational age, birth weight Z-score, birth length Z-score, gender, and observed neonatal weight growth. The difference between OLG and ELG (∆_OLG-ELG) was calculated as OLG – ELG, and infants were ranked into 3 classes depending on their ∆_OLG-ELG (≤–0.5, –0.49 to 0.49, ≥0.50 Z-score). We explored the relationship between ∆_OLG-ELG and 2-year neurodevelopmental outcome (n = 2,036), and, in a subgroup (n = 85), between ∆_OLG-ELG and body composition at discharge. Results: ELG was strongly predicted from the above-mentioned parameters (R² = 0.73, p = 0.001). OLG correlated closely with gestational age (p = 0.001) but ∆_OLG-ELG did not (p = 1.0). OLG was not associated with a 2-year nonoptimal outcome after adjustment for gestational age, but ∆_OLG-ELG ≤–0.5 was; the crude and adjusted odds ratios were 1.63 and 1.56, respectively. ∆_OLG-ELG correlated negatively with fat mass (R² = 0.29, p = 0.006) before and after adjustment for gestational age. Conclusion: ∆_OLG-ELG is a marker of neonatal growth that does not depend on gestational age, and may reflect quality of growth. A ∆_OLG-ELG ≤–0.5 Z-score is associated with a higher risk for 2-year nonoptimal neurodevelopmental outcome.

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“…This study included all surviving infants born between January 2003 and December 2011 who were enrolled in the regional LIFT network (Pays de la Loire, France) [13]. The LIFT network includes preterm infants born before ≤34 weeks of GA in 24 maternity clinics.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fetal and Postnatal Head Circumference Growth: Synergetic Factors for Neurodevelopmental Outcome at 2 Years of Age for Preterm Infants

Sicard¹,

Nusinovici

Hanf

et al. 2017

Neonatology

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Preterm infants present higher risk of non-optimal neurodevelopmental outcome. Fetal and postnatal growth, in particular head circumference (HC), is associated with neurodevelopmental outcome. Objectives: We aimed to calculate the relationship between HC at birth, HC delta Z-score (between birth and hospital discharge), and non-optimal neurodevelopmental outcome at 2 years of corrected age in preterm infants. Methods: Surviving infants born ≤34 weeks of gestation were included in the analysis. The relationship between the risk of being non-optimal at 2 years and both HC at birth and HC growth was assessed. The 2 Z-scores were considered first independently and then simultaneously to investigate their effect on the risk of non-optimality using a generalized additive model. Results: A total of 4,046 infants with both HC measures at birth and hospital discharge were included. Infants with small HC at birth (Z-score <-2 SD), or presenting suboptimal HC growth (dZ-score <-2 SD), are at higher risk of non-optimal neurodevelopmental outcome at 2 years (respectively OR 1.7 [95% CI 1.4-2] and OR 1.4 [95% CI 1.2-1.8]). Interestingly, patients cumulating small HC Z-score at birth (-2 SD) and presenting catch-down growth (HC dZ-score [-2 SD]) have a significantly increased risk for neurocognitive impairment (OR >2) while adjusting for gestational age, twin status, sex, and socioeconomic information. Conclusions: HC at birth and HC dZ-score between birth and hospital discharge are synergistically associated to neurodevelopmental outcome at 2 years of corrected age, in a population-based prospective cohort of preterm infants born ≤34 weeks of gestation.

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Early growth and neurodevelopmental outcome in very preterm infants: impact of gender

Cited by 60 publications

References 26 publications

Girls and Boys Born before 28 Weeks Gestation: Risks of Cognitive, Behavioral, and Neurologic Outcomes at Age 10 Years

Girls and Boys Born before 28 Weeks Gestation: Risks of Cognitive, Behavioral, and Neurologic Outcomes at Age 10 Years

In Preterm Infants, Length Growth below Expected Growth during Hospital Stay Predicts Poor Neurodevelopment at 2 Years

Fetal and Postnatal Head Circumference Growth: Synergetic Factors for Neurodevelopmental Outcome at 2 Years of Age for Preterm Infants

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