Early Humoral Responses of Hemodialysis Patients After Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination

Abstract

Purpose To detect antibody responses to inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine in patients undergoing hemodialysis and to investigate vaccine-related adverse events. Patients and Methods A total of 120 hemodialysis (HD) patients and 24 healthy controls (HCs) who had not been previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 and had received their first dose of the inactivated vaccine (CoronaVac; Sinovac Biotech Ltd) were recruited for this study. All participants were scheduled to receive a second dose of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Serum-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 were detected at least 14 days after the second dose of vaccine using a commercial kit. Positive and negative results were defined as a sample/cutoff (S/CO) ratio≥1.00 and <1.00, respectively. Vaccination-related adverse events were assessed using a standardized questionnaire. Results There were no significant differences regarding the seroprevalences of IgG and IgM antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and the self-reported vaccination-related adverse events between HD patients and HCs. The analysis results for HD patients suggest that 82 (68.3%) and 27 (22.5%) tested positive for IgG and IgM, respectively. The levels of IgG were higher than IgM levels ( P <0.0001). In addition, the IgG-positive group had significantly higher serum albumin levels than the IgG-negative group ( P <0.05). Only mild vaccine-related adverse events were observed in two patients (1.66%) and in one healthy individual (4.2%). Conclusion The seroprevalences of IgG and IgM antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and vaccination-related adverse effects are similar between HD and HCs. The inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine is effective and safe in inducing near-term immunity in hemodialysis patients.

A Third Dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Improves Immune Response in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

“…Impaired cellular and humoral immune responses after two-dose vaccination schemes are extensively reported in CKD patients, showing a stronger immune response in HD patients [ 9 , 17 , 18 , 21 ]. Most studies included mRNA vaccinated patients, and only a few studies evaluated the immune responses of CoronaVac schemes in a cohort that included KT patients [ 16 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ] and/or HD patients [ 14 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ]. Here we show that HD and KT patients have a reduced humoral and cellular immune response after a primary scheme with either CoronaVac or BNT162b2 that increases after a BNT162b2 booster.…”

Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM Secondary Response Was Suppressed by Preexisting Immunity in Vaccinees: A Prospective, Longitudinal Cohort Study over 456 Days

“…Within days, the specific antibodies immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgG, and IgA are detectable in patients. At first, the antibodies bind to the virus’ external spike glycoprotein and internal nucleocapsid proteins, then the antibodies block the binding of SARS-CoV-2 to the host cell’s surface receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) effectively [ 7 ]. The specific antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 inoculation is still under detailed investigation, and a comparison between protective immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection in COVID-19 patients and in vaccines is urgently required for guiding decisions from public health employees and guiding information about vaccine management [ 8 ].…”