“…Given that we assessed home learning environment before children had received formal reading and spelling instruction and possibly before showing any signs of problems, we may have reduced our chances of finding significant differences between the groups. It is also possible that the results reflect fathers' literacy skills that were not assessed here (e.g., Grigorenko, 2001;Lyytinen et al, 2008;Olson, 2006;van Bergen, de Jong, Plakas, Maassen, & van der Leij, 2012). Father's poor reading skills may for example be manifested in the low amount of shared reading with their children.…”