Early impact of sequential introduction of 7-valent and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on IPD in Israeli children &lt;5 years: An active prospective nationwide surveillance

Ben‐Shimol, Shalom; Greenberg, David; Givon-Lavi, Noga; Schlesinger, Yechiel; Somekh, Eli; Aviner, Shraga; Miron, Dan; Dagan, Ron

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.03.065

Cited by 127 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…This increase was attributed, at least in part, to the increase in IPD due to serotypes 1, 7F, 3 and 19A, which were not included in PCV7 but have been consistently linked to a greater likelihood of parapneumonic empyema [3,5,10,11,13,17]. PCV13 includes serotypes 1, 3, 7F and 19A, among others, and IPD attributable to these serotypes has declined since PCV13 introduction [30][31][32]. Consistent with those reports, our findings provide evidence of a significant decrease in parapneumonic empyema among U.S. children after PCV13 introduction in 2010.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in empyema among U.S. children in the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine era

Wiese

Griffin

Zhu

et al. 2016

Vaccine

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Background-Parapneumonic empyema, a serious complication of pneumonia, started increasing among U.S. children before the introduction of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) in 2000, and continued afterwards. This increase was due in part to pneumococcal serotypes not included in PCV7 that were included in the new 13-valent (PCV13) vaccine introduced in 2010. We assessed changes in the incidence of empyema hospitalizations among U.S. children after PCV13 introduction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in empyema among U.S. children in the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine era

Wiese

Griffin

Zhu

et al. 2016

Vaccine

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“…14,44 In the current study, for each of the children, the vaccination status and vaccination date were recorded by the study stuff. Vaccination status included data on PCVs, diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid and acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP, or any of its combinations) and measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) with or without varicella vaccine.…”

Section: Vaccine Uptake Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9,20,21 Reduction in pneumococcal nasopharyngeal colonization is achieved by preventing new acquisitions, and there is currently no evidence of a direct vaccine impact on the time it takes to clear a pneumococcal colonization episode. 22,23 In contrast to the impressive impact of PCVs on different pneumococcal diseases, with the potential of rapidly achieving near eradication of vaccine serotype disease in the vaccinated age group, 3,14 vaccine impact on overall pneumococcal carriage was less prominent. [8][9][10] This lesser effect was observed in many studies, 6,7,19,24 however, over time, vaccine impact on VT-carriage reached a magnitude similar to that observed with IPD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…[8][9][10] This variation may derive, at least in part, from demographic, ethnical and cultural differences, with higher carriage rates observed in populations suffering from poverty, over-crowding, exposure to smoking and poor hygienic conditions, [10][11][12] as well as history of breast feeding, day-care center attendance and antibiotic treatment at the individual and societal levels. 7 The introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) to the national immunization plans (NIP) worldwide resulted in substantial rate reductions of various pneumococcal disease end-points, including invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), 13,14 pneumonia, [15][16][17][18] and otitis media, 3 including unvaccinated age groups and individuals. [17][18][19][20][21] Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines protect against carriage among vaccinated individuals and therefore prevent transmission to unvaccinated children and susceptible adults.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage in children <5 years of age visiting the pediatric emergency room in relation to PCV7 and PCV13 introduction in southern Israel

Ben‐Shimol

Givon-Lavi

Greenberg

et al. 2015

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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The 7-valent and the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV7 and PCV13, respectively) were introduced to the Israeli National Immunization plan in July 2009 and November 2010, respectively. Our aim was to assess pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) uptake and dynamics in serotype-specific pneumococcal nasopharyngeal (NP) carriage in children <5 years old in southern Israel, during the immediate 5 y following PCV introduction. This was an ongoing, prospective, population-based, active surveillance, from July 2009 through December 2014. PCVs uptake and NP cultures were obtained daily from children seen at the Pediatric Emergency Room for any reason. Overall, 10,702 vaccine status and 7,610 NP swabs were obtained. Both PCV7 and PCV13 uptake were high, reaching~90% by July 2012 and December 2013, respectively. All-pneumococcal carriage rates significantly declined by 10%, from 54.3% in the early-PCV7 period, to 49.1% in the PCV13 impact period. The respective declines for PCV7, 6A and additional PCV13 serotypes carriage rates were 76%, 90% and 66%. In contrast, non-PCV13 serotypes carriage rates increased significantly throughout the study by 71%. All-pneumococcal carriage rates in children <12 months old decreased significantly by 15%, with similar trends observed in other age groups. Initially, all-pneumococcal carriage rates were 45.7%, and 61.9% in Jewish and Bedouin children, respectively (P < 0.001), with a significant 17% reduction throughout the study observed only in Bedouins. While early carriage rates were higher in unvaccinated children compared to vaccinated children, PCV impact on carriage were similar in both groups. In conclusion, a relatively moderate decline in pneumococcal carriage rates, facilitated by a substantial decrease of vaccine-serotypes and increase of non-vaccine serotypes was observed in the immediate period following PCVs introduction in southern Israel.

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“…Previous studies either focused on demonstrating the health impact of PCV 4,5,[9][10][11] , or explored how new vaccines affected specific health system functions or vaccination coverage 12,13 . No research has evaluated the effects of adding PCV into EPI nor how it, as one component of the Integrated Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Pneumonia and Diarrhoea 14 , may have affected wider health systems.…”

Section: African Health Sciences Vol 15 Issue 3 September 2015mentioning

confidence: 99%

New pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introductions in four sub-Saharan African countries: a cross-country analysis of health systems’ impacts

Torres-Rueda¹,

Burchett²,

Griffiths³

et al. 2015

Afr H. Sci.

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Background: Pneumonia is a main cause of under-five mortality in low-income settings. The pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) has been introduced in many countries as a tool in the disease's prevention. Although PCV's effectiveness has been established, less is known about the effects of introducing additional injectable vaccines into routine immunisation programmes, particularly in the context of resource-constrained settings. Objectives: To explore the effects of PCV introduction on the immunisation programmes and health systems in four low-income countries. Methods: This study was carried out in Cameroon, Ethiopia, Kenya and Mali. Three to four regions and nine to 10 districts were selected within each country. Semi-structured interviews were carried out at national, regional and district levels (n=173). Researcher-administered questionnaires were completed with facility staff (n=124). Routine data on monthly vaccination activities were collected at district and facility levels. Results: PCV was generally well integrated into existing routine immunisation. Little or no impact was found in most areas of the health systems. Some minor effects were found on immunisation programmes, particularly in areas with either planning activities or investments e.g. staff skills were strengthened and there were limited improvements in surveillance. Although health sector workers perceived increases in the coverage of other vaccines following the introduction of PCV, routine service data did not confirm this claim. No substantial impacts were seen in health system management, service delivery or performance. Conclusions: The introduction of PCV had marginal impacts on the Expanded Programme for Immunisation and little to none on broader health systems.

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Early impact of sequential introduction of 7-valent and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on IPD in Israeli children <5 years: An active prospective nationwide surveillance

Cited by 127 publications

References 36 publications

Changes in empyema among U.S. children in the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine era

Changes in empyema among U.S. children in the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine era

Pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage in children <5 years of age visiting the pediatric emergency room in relation to PCV7 and PCV13 introduction in southern Israel

New pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introductions in four sub-Saharan African countries: a cross-country analysis of health systems’ impacts

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