Early Imports in the Late Bronze Age of South‐Western Iberia: The Bronze Ornaments of the Hypogea at Monte da Ramada 1 (Southern Portugal)

Valério, Pedro; Araújo, M. Fátima; Soares, António M. Monge; Silva, R. J. C.; Baptista, Lídia; Mataloto, Rui

doi:10.1111/arcm.12310

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In terms of knowledge transmission and therefore sustained contact, the very presence of iron metallurgy more broadly has been highlighted as a technological innovation for this period, with the earliest artifacts, including tools, dating to the eleventh century BCE (Vilaça 2006(Vilaça , 2013. Further indications of sustained interaction between the eastern Mediterranean and Iberia is found at Monte de Ramada 1 (southern Portugal): here, a tenth-century BCE assemblage includes unusual bronze alloys as well as glass, faience, and ostrich shell beads, which have been interpreted as testifying to an archaic trade with the Mediterranean region before the establishment of the first Phoenician colonies on the southern Iberian coast (Valério et al 2018).…”

Section: Sources Of Silvermentioning

confidence: 75%

The Origin of Tel Dor Hacksilver and the Westward Expansion of the Phoenicians in the Early Iron Age: The Cypriot Connection

Wood¹,

Bell²,

Montero‐Ruiz³

2020

Journal of Eastern Mediterranean Archaeology and Heritage Studies

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the journal of e astern mediterrane an archaeology and heritage studies (jemahs) is a peer-reviewed journal published by the Pennsylvania State University Press. JEMAHS is devoted to traditional, anthropological, social, and applied archaeologies of the eastern Mediterranean, encompassing both prehistoric and historic periods. The journal's geographic range spans three continents and brings together, as no academic periodical has done before, the archaeologies of Greece and the Aegean, Anatolia, the Levant, Cyprus, Egypt, and North Africa. As the journal will not be identified with any particular archaeological discipline, the editors invite articles from all varieties of professionals who work on the past cultures of the modern countries bordering the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Similarly, a broad range of topics will be covered including, but by no means limited to: Excavation and survey field results; Landscape archaeology and GIS; Underwater archaeology; Archaeological sciences and archaeometry; Material culture studies; Ethnoarchaeology; Social archaeology; Conservation and heritage studies; Cultural heritage management; Sustainable tourism development; and New technologies/virtual reality. Appearing four times a year in February, May, August, and November, the journal will engage professionals and scholars of archaeology and heritage studies as well as non-practitioners and students, both graduate and undergraduate. In addition to combining traditional and theoretical archaeological data and interpretation, the journal's articles may range from early prehistory to recent historical time periods. It also aims to publish accessible, jargon-free, readable, color-illustrated articles that will be informative for professional and non-professional readers. The journal does not publish unprovenanced artifacts purchased on the antiquities market or objects from private collections.

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Section: Sources Of Silvermentioning

confidence: 75%

The Origin of Tel Dor Hacksilver and the Westward Expansion of the Phoenicians in the Early Iron Age: The Cypriot Connection

Wood¹,

Bell²,

Montero‐Ruiz³

2020

Journal of Eastern Mediterranean Archaeology and Heritage Studies

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“…A caracterização por micro-EDXRF foi efectuada num espectrómetro ArtTax Pro (Bronk et al, 2001), tendo sido analisados quatro áreas (diâmetro <100 mm) com as seguintes condições experimentais: 40 kV de diferença de potencial, 600 µA de intensidade de corrente e 100 s de tempo de aquisição. A metodologia de análise, exactidão e limites de detecção dos elementos significantes encontram-se publicados em Valério et al (2018). A caracterização microestrutural foi realizada num microscópio estereoscópico Zeiss Ste-REO Discovery.V20 com ampliações entre 10 e 150×, tendo-se observado a superfície metálica contrastada com uma solução aquosa de cloreto de ferro (FeCl 3 ).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Por fim, de uma cronologia mais recente, os Hipogeus 2 e 4 do Monte da Ramada 1, datados do Bronze Final do Sudoeste (sécs. X-IX a.C., Valério et al, 2018). Por outro lado, qualquer destes tipos de monumentos funerários -cistas, hipogeus, fossas, reutilizações de monumentos megalíticos -não se pode atribuir a um momento ou a um período temporal específico do Bronze do Sudoeste, uma vez que coexistem ao longo de toda a época do Bronze (veja-se, por exemplo, Soares et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

O Hipogeu 36 da Quinta do Castelo 5 (Salvada, Beja) ou uma revisão da partição por Schubart do Bronze do Sudoeste

Soares¹,

Valério²,

Calvo³

et al. 2019

Onoba

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“…In terms of knowledge transmission and therefore sustained contact, the very presence of iron metallurgy more broadly has been highlighted as a technological innovation for this period, with the earliest artefacts, including tools, dating to the 11th century BC (Vilaça 2006(Vilaça , 2013. Further indications of sustained interaction between the eastern Mediterranean and Iberia is found at Monte de Ramada 1 (southern Portugal): here, a tenth century BC assemblage includes unusual bronze alloys as well as glass, faience, and ostrich shell beads, which have been interpreted as testifying to an archaic trade with the Mediterranean region before the establishment of the first Phoenician colonies on the southern Iberian coast (Valério et al 2017).…”

Section: Phoeniciansmentioning

confidence: 98%

From Iberia to the Southern Levant: The Movement of Silver Across the Mediterranean in the Early Iron Age

2019

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The origins of the silver trade across the Mediterranean, and the role of the Phoenicians in this phenomenon, remain contentious. This is partly because of difficulties encountered when trying to assign archaeological silver to its geological sources. Here we present a reanalysis of Iron Age silver hoards in the southern Levant, which demonstrates not only that recycling of silver was widespread in the Early and Late Iron Age, but that the components of this mixed silver originated from the Aegean, Anatolia and the western Mediterranean. An assessment of lead isotope analyses combined with compositional data allows the identification of mixing lines based on gold levels in the silver and the Pb crustal age (or, more loosely, geological age) of the ore from which the silver originated. It is shown that, from as early as the 11th century BC, these mixed silver signatures derive from the Taurus mountains in Anatolia, from Iberia and an unknown source-with Sardinia as an additional possibility-and Laurion in Greece in the Late Iron Age. In contrast to copper, which was deliberately alloyed with silver, gold appears to have been mixed unintentionally, through the melting down of silver objects with gold parts. It is suggested that vertical mixing lines (with constant Pb crustal age but variable Au), may indicate the melting down and mixing of silver in times of unrest, both here and in other contexts. Gold and lead concentrations in the silver indicate that native silver from Iberia was most likely used in the Early Iron Age, suggesting that the first people to convey silver to the southern Levant were not miners but traders who had acquired silver directly from the indigenous Bronze Age inhabitants of Iberia. However, evidence of the exploitation of jarosite also supports that silver ore mining and cupellation was ongoing in Iberia at a similar time, and continued in the Late Iron Agepotentially a result of technological transfer from the East. In essence, the western Mediterranean origin of the silver in these Early Iron Age southern Levantine hoards supports an emerging picture of Mediterranean interactions and trade relations in the increasingly bright Dark Ages (c. 1200-800 BC).

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Early Imports in the Late Bronze Age of South‐Western Iberia: The Bronze Ornaments of the Hypogea at Monte da Ramada 1 (Southern Portugal)

Cited by 11 publications

References 22 publications

The Origin of Tel Dor Hacksilver and the Westward Expansion of the Phoenicians in the Early Iron Age: The Cypriot Connection

The Origin of Tel Dor Hacksilver and the Westward Expansion of the Phoenicians in the Early Iron Age: The Cypriot Connection

O Hipogeu 36 da Quinta do Castelo 5 (Salvada, Beja) ou uma revisão da partição por Schubart do Bronze do Sudoeste

From Iberia to the Southern Levant: The Movement of Silver Across the Mediterranean in the Early Iron Age

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