Early influences on developmental outcomes among children, at age 5, in Australia’s Northern Territory

Guthridge, Steven; Li, Lin; Silburn, Sven; Li, Shu Qin; McKenzie, John; Lynch, John

doi:10.1016/j.ecresq.2015.12.008

Cited by 42 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Results showed that being of Australian Aboriginal descent, having English as their second language, not attending day care or preschool, mother's smoking during pregnancy and a lower care giver's educational level was associated with higher odds of developmental vulnerability. 17 Similar results were observed in a study showing over half of Australian Aboriginal children are considered to have developmental vulnerabilities limiting their school readiness at age 5. 18 These findings provide an example of how young Aboriginal children have been left behind and are experiencing developmental delay in their own country.…”

supporting

confidence: 81%

“…Overall boys have higher odds than girls to experience developmental delays in one or more areas (e.g. language, cognition, social, fine or gross motor skills), 17,25,26 but no sex differences have been reported before in the area of gross motor skills. [6][7][8]12 A potential explanation could be the presence of sex differences in gross motor skill development in pre-school-aged children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…One of the publications resulting from the Australian Early Development Census data examined socio-demographic factors associated with the physical health and wellbeing domain in the Northern Territory. 17 This is a region of Australia with a high proportion of children from Aboriginal backgrounds. Results showed that being of Australian Aboriginal descent, having English as their second language, not attending day care or preschool, mother's smoking during pregnancy and a lower care giver's educational level was associated with higher odds of developmental vulnerability.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and risk factors of gross motor delay in pre‐schoolers

Veldman

Jones

Chandler

et al. 2019

J Paediatrics Child Health

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Aim: Gross motor skills are important for children's health and development. Delays in these skills are a concern for healthy developmental trajectories and therefore early identification of delay is important. This study screened for gross motor delay in children from low-income communities and investigated potential risk factors associated with gross motor delay. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 701 pre-schoolers (M age = 54.1 AE 8.6 months, 52.8% boys) from childcare services in low-income and remote communities in Australia. Gross motor delay was assessed using the Ages and Stages Questionnairethird edition. Potential risk factors included: sex, age, birthweight, prematurity status, weight status, childcare service, postcode, parent's education, parent's marital status, parent's employment and family income. Results: Results showed 4.4% of the children were delayed in gross motor skills and 8.8% were at risk of delay. Logistic regression showed being a boy (odds ratio (OR) 1.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12-2.84), underweight (OR 2.72, 95% CI 1.18-6.30) or overweight (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.00-3.33), and parental unemployment (OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.01-3.16) were factors associated with a higher odds of children being delayed or at risk of gross motor delay. A higher family income (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.13-0.93) was associated with lower odds of delay.Conclusion: This unique study demonstrated children in low-income communities, especially boys, underweight and overweight children, have higher odds of being at risk of gross motor delay. Therefore, early screening is vital in this population in order to identify delays and potentially intervene with appropriate motor skill interventions.

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supporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and risk factors of gross motor delay in pre‐schoolers

Veldman

Jones

Chandler

et al. 2019

J Paediatrics Child Health

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“…Our findings in respect of child's sex, anaemia of mothers and smoking in pregnancy concur with the findings of much larger studies in South Australia and the Northern Territory. 15,16 Nevertheless, additional studies would be of value to determine whether early childhood T A B L E 3 Risk factors for child (n = 250) developmental vulnerability (in lower 10th percentile of AEDC assessment score) in two or more domains (DV2): multi-variable analyses-complete case analyses and analysis with imputed data Note:…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13 Studies in South Australia and the Northern Territory identified perinatal factors associated with developmental vulnerability at school entry; smoking in pregnancy; anaemia of mothers; low birth weight; prematurity among Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children. 15,16 Here, we report on the association of early childhood anaemia, defined as a child ever having anaemia between age 6 and 23 months, with AEDC assessment results among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children of remote Far North Queensland.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early childhood anaemia more than doubles the risk of developmental vulnerability at school‐age among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children of remote Far North Queensland: Findings of a retrospective cohort study

Leonard

Buettner

Thompson

et al. 2020

Nutrition & Dietetics

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Aims: Early childhood anaemia, usually attributed to iron deficiency, is associated with persistent detrimental effects on child development. This study investigates the association of anaemia between age six and 23 months with indicators of childhood development at school-age among children of remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities of Far North Queensland. Methods:The triennial Australian Early Development Census (AEDC) encompasses five domains of early childhood development-physical health and wellbeing, social competence, emotional maturity, language and cognitive skills (school-based), communication skills and general knowledge. AEDC 2012 and 2015 assessments were linked with health information for children and their mothers from remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities of Far North Queensland.Results: AEDC assessments were available for 250 children who had measurements of haemoglobin recorded at age 6 to 23 months. More children who had had early childhood anaemia (n = 66/143, 46.2%, [37.9%, 54.4%]) were developmentally vulnerable on two or more domains compared to those who had not been anaemic (n = 25/107, 23.4% [15.2%, 31.5%], P < .001). Multivariable analysis confirmed that early childhood anaemia more than doubled the risk of developmental vulnerability (OR 2.2 [1.1,4.3] P = .020) at school age. Conclusions: Early childhood anaemia is a risk factor for developmental vulnerability at school-age in this setting. Interventions combining nutrition promotion and multi-micronutrient food fortification, are effective in prevention of early childhood anaemia. Such interventions could also improve early childhood development and subsequent educational achievement.

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