Early kindergarten, maternal labor supply and children's outcomes: Evidence from Italy

Carta, Francesca; Rizzica, Lucia

doi:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2017.12.012

Cited by 100 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…We find no effects on whether or not the mother studies status, but there is an economically important effect on the probability that the mother works. The increase of 14 percentage points is aligned with the developed countries literature (Carta and Rizzica, 2018;Baker et al, 2008), as well as with the literature from LAC: Berlinski et al (2011) find an increase of about 20 percentage points in labor outcomes of mothers of 4 year-olds attending preschool in Argentina.…”

Section: Essential Heterogeneity Analysissupporting

confidence: 75%

“…We use all of our control variables, our instruments and a process quality measure as potential determinants of participation. Our findings are mostly consistent with previous evaluations of center-based programs serving highly disadvantaged populations in developed countries, except for two substantial things: firstly, inasmuch as we find important positive impacts on socio-emotional development, we do not see any complementary impact on the more cognitive domain of language; and secondly, we do see a significant impact in maternal labor force participation which was either not measured/analyzed in the previous LAC literature (Behrman et al, 2004;Noboa-Hidalgo and Urzua, 2012;Bernal and Fernández, 2013), or else it was found to be a positive impact that was accompanied by a negative impact on child development (Carta and Rizzica, 2018;Baker et al, 2008;Rosero and Oosterbeek, 2011), proving some sort of trade off between maternal and child welfare not supported by this study. In this sense our study is more aligned with Berlinski et al (2009).…”

Section: The Effect Of Quality On Program Impactscontrasting

confidence: 61%

“…There is also evidence of benefits from large-scale interventions as Head Start, a nationwide program reaching almost one million poor children in the United States (Carneiro and Ginja, 2014;Kline and Walters, 2016), as well as public government programs in Spain, Germany and Norway (Felfe et al, 2015;Felfe and Lalive, 2018;Drange and Havnes, 2019). Child care has also been shown to have no effect (Carta and Rizzica, 2018) or even negative effects on some children, as shown by recent studies of high quality childcare for 0-2 2 year-olds in Bologna (Fort et al, 2016), Quebec (Baker et al, 2008(Baker et al, , 2015Kottelenberg and Lehrer, 2017), the US (Herbst and Tekin, 2010), and Denmark (Gupta and Simonsen, 2010), and for universal child care in Norway (Havnes and Mogstad, 2015). Negative effects are more likely when the children attending daycare are not necessarily poor (as in the Quebec, Norway and Bologna studies), so the quality of the alternative care is comparatively high.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cost-Effective Public Daycare in a Low-Income Economy Benefits Children and Mothers

Hojman¹,

Bóo²

2019

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. work is licensed under a Creative Commons IGO 3.0 Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives (CC-IGO BY-NC-ND 3.0 IGO) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/igo/ legalcode) and may be reproduced with attribution to the IDB and for any non-commercial purpose, as provided below. No derivative work is allowed.Any dispute related to the use of the works of the IDB that cannot be settled amicably shall be submitted to arbitration pursuant to the UNCITRAL rules. The use of the IDB's name for any purpose other than for attribution, and the use of IDB's logo shall be subject to a separate written license agreement between the IDB and the user and is not authorized as part of this CC-IGO license. AbstractThis paper evaluates the impacts of a public program that introduced access to part-time childcare centers for children younger than four years of age in poor urban areas in Nicaragua. We explore the effects of this program on several measures of children's and parental outcomes. Our identification strategy exploits the original randomization and the distance to the centers, using Instrumental Variables (IV) and Marginal Treatment Effects (MTE) methods to tackle imperfect compliance with the original treatment assignments. We present a theoretical model to rationalize our IV assumptions. We find a positive impact of 0.35 standard deviations on personal-social skills, and an impact of 14 percentage points on mothers' work participation. We also find suggestive evidence that quality greatly matters for the impacts at the child level, but not at the mother level.

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Section: Essential Heterogeneity Analysissupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: The Effect Of Quality On Program Impactscontrasting

confidence: 61%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Cost-Effective Public Daycare in a Low-Income Economy Benefits Children and Mothers

Hojman¹,

Bóo²

2019

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“…In countries with near universal access to affordable child care, expansion of subsidized pre-school does not increase maternal employment (Havnes and Mogstad, 2011), as it mostly moves children across different types of child care arrangements. In other countries, instead, an expansion of affordable child care can have large and positive effects on female labor supply (Gelbach, 2002;Carta and Rizzica, 2018). This paper complements these findings by showing the importance of fiscal institutions in shaping the provision of public child care.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 60%

The Effects of Fiscal Decentralization on Publicly Provided Services and Labor Markets

2019

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This paper studies how fiscal decentralization affects local services. It exploits a 1993 reform that increased the fiscal autonomy of Italian municipalities by introducing a local property tax. The identification leverages cross-municipal variation in the degree of decentralization stemming from Allied bombings during WWII. Decentralization reduced overall spending, but expanded municipal services, such as nursery schools. These effects are larger in areas with higher political competition. The paper also investigates how these changes in local services affected the labor markets. Decentralization, likely through expanded nursery schools, increased female labor supply, reducing the gender gap in employment.JEL Classification: H71, H75, J20, H77, I21.

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“…First, while there is an extensive literature looking at interventions toward children aged 3-5 (preschool programmes), only few studies focus on children 0-2 (early childcare) and the evidence they provide is mixed. Some studies find positive effects ( [Felfe and Lalive, 2018] and [Drange and Havnes, 2018] [Cornelissen et al, 2018], among others) while others find negative or no effects ( [Herbst, 2017]; [Carta and Rizzica, 2018] and [Fort et al, 2019]). Second, we focus on students of immigrant background and in particular on second-generation immigrants, a growing and relatively under-investigated group.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Early Childcare on Immigrant Children’s Educational Performance

2019

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This paper investigates the impact of attending early childcare on second generation immigrant children's cognitive outcomes. Our analysis draws on administrative data on the entire population of students in fifth grade collected by the Italian Institute for the Evaluation of the Educational System (INVALSI) for school years 2014/2015 to 2016/2017 matched to unique administrative records on the early childcare public available slots at the municipal level. Our identification strategy exploits cross-sectional and time series variation in the provision of early childcare service across Italian municipalities as an instrument for individual early childcare attendance. Our results point out that the effect of early childcare attendance differs between native and immigrant children. Although we find no effects for Italian children, our estimates show a positive and significant effect on literacy test scores for immigrant children of low educated parents, which suggests that early childcare may be particularly relevant for immigrant children from a disadvantaged background.

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Early kindergarten, maternal labor supply and children's outcomes: Evidence from Italy

Cited by 100 publications

References 43 publications

Cost-Effective Public Daycare in a Low-Income Economy Benefits Children and Mothers

Cost-Effective Public Daycare in a Low-Income Economy Benefits Children and Mothers

The Effects of Fiscal Decentralization on Publicly Provided Services and Labor Markets

Impact of Early Childcare on Immigrant Children’s Educational Performance

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