Early-life chemical exposome and gut microbiome development: African research perspectives within a global environmental health context

Ayeni, Kolawole I.; Berry, David; Wisgrill, Lukas; Warth, Benedikt; Ezekiel, Chibundu N.

doi:10.1016/j.tim.2022.05.008

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…Here, as an extension of this work and in order to be as close as possible to the human situation, we have chosen to evaluate in Tm-ARCOL the effect of a physiological dose of MPs at 21 mg/day according to recent exposure data [67]. PE MPs were administrated daily for 14 days to reproduce chronic exposure, while Tamargo and colleagues evaluated the effect of a single dose of 166 mg PET MPs for 72 h. Finally, their study was carried out in adult digestive conditions whereas we have focused here on toddlers, due to the specificities of their digestive physiology and gut microbiota, which makes them a high-risk population regarding the ingestion of xenobiotics [13,26,68]. During the critical period of the first 1000 days, the gut microbiota of infants remains immature in terms of composition and functionalities [35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to polyethylene microplastics alters immature gut microbiome in an infant in vitro gut model

Fournier

Ratel

Denis

et al. 2023

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to polyethylene microplastics alters immature gut microbiome in an infant in vitro gut model

Fournier

Ratel

Denis

et al. 2023

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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“…Although breast milk is very important for nourishing an infant, it may also be an excretion path of xenobiotics. Typically, breast milk substitutes and infant formulae contain higher contaminant levels and breast feeding should never be avoided or shortened because of (low-level) xenobiotic contamination [54]. Depending on the study, 34 or 35 xenobiotics were detected in breast milk, where 18 analytes were only detected after the enzymatic treatment, indicating that more than half of the analytes were in its conjugated form.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A broad, exposome-type evaluation of xenobiotic phase II biotransformation in human biofluids by LC-MS/MS

Fareed¹,

Braun²,

Flasch³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Xenobiotics are chemicals foreign to a specific organism that humans are exposed to on a daily basis through their food, drugs and the environment. These molecules are frequently metabolized to increase polarity and subsequent excretion. During sample preparation, deconjugation of phase II metabolites is a critical step to capture the total exposure to chemicals in liquid chromatography mass spectrometry assays (LC-MS). Knowledge on deconjugation efficiencies of different enzymes and the extend of conjugation in human biofluids has primarily been investigated for single compounds or individual chemical classes. In this study, the performance of three beta-glucuronidase and arylsulfatase mixtures from H. pomatia, from recombinant sources (BGS), and from Escherichia coli combined with recombinant arylsulfatase (ASPC) was compared and the efficiency of phase II deconjugation was monitored in breast milk, urine and plasma. An innovative LC-MS/MS biomonitoring method encompassing more than 80 highly diverse xenobiotics (e.g., plasticizers, industrial chemicals, mycotoxins, phytoestrogens, pesticides) was utilized for the comprehensive investigation of phase II conjugation in experiments investigating levels in breast milk and urine obtained from breastfeeding women. Overall, it was confirmed that H. pomatia is the most efficient enzyme in hydrolyzing different classes of xenobiotics for future exposome-scale biomonitoring studies. The recombinant BGS formulation, however, provided better results for breast milk samples, primarily due to lower background contamination, a major issue when employing the typically applied crude H. pomatia extracts. A deeper understanding of the global xenobiotic conjugation patterns will be essential for capturing environmental and food-related exposures within the exposome framework more comprehensively.

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“…However, several challenges can limit microbiome research across SSA, thus understanding the influence of xenobiotics such as mycotoxins on early life GM is still in its exploratory stage. 27,73…”

Section: Impact Of Mycotoxins On Gm Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomonitoring of Dietary Mycotoxin Exposure and Associated Impact on the Gut Microbiome in Nigerian Infants

Ayeni,

Seki,

Pjevac

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Mycotoxins are toxic chemicals that adversely affect human health. Here, we assessed the influence of mycotoxin exposure on the longitudinal development of early life intestinal microbiota of Nigerian neonates and infants (NIs). Human biomonitoring assays based on liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry were applied to quantify mycotoxins in breast milk (n = 68) consumed by the NIs, their stool (n = 82), and urine samples (n = 15), which were collected longitudinally from month 1−18 postdelivery. Microbial community composition was characterized by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of stool samples and was correlated to mycotoxin exposure patterns. Fumonisin B 1 (FB 1 ), FB 2 , and alternariol monomethyl ether (AME) were frequently quantified in stool samples between months 6 and 18. Aflatoxin M 1 (AFM 1 ), AME, and citrinin were quantified in breast milk samples at low concentrations. AFM 1 , FB 1 , and ochratoxin A were quantified in urine samples at relatively high concentrations. Klebsiella and Escherichia/Shigella were dominant in very early life stool samples (month 1), whereas Bifidobacterium was dominant between months 3 and 6. The total mycotoxin levels in stool were significantly associated with NIs' gut microbiome composition (PERMANOVA, p < 0.05). However, no significant correlation was observed between specific microbiota and the detection of certain mycotoxins. Albeit a small cohort, this study demonstrates that mycotoxins may influence early life gut microbiome composition.

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Early-life chemical exposome and gut microbiome development: African research perspectives within a global environmental health context

Cited by 19 publications

References 116 publications

Exposure to polyethylene microplastics alters immature gut microbiome in an infant in vitro gut model

Exposure to polyethylene microplastics alters immature gut microbiome in an infant in vitro gut model

A broad, exposome-type evaluation of xenobiotic phase II biotransformation in human biofluids by LC-MS/MS

Biomonitoring of Dietary Mycotoxin Exposure and Associated Impact on the Gut Microbiome in Nigerian Infants

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