Early life determinants of arterial stiffness in neonates, infants, children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Varley, Benjamin J; Nasir, Reeja; Craig, Maria E.; Gow, Megan L.

doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.07.006

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Similarly to our study, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children found no difference in carotid-radial PWV between groups in children and early adolescents ( 22 ). Our recent systematic review of exposures during the first 1,000 days of life suggest that changes to PWV may not manifest until adolescence ( 32 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, future studies which include a mix of exposure to early and late onset may be helpful in determining the impact of intrauterine preeclampsia exposure on vascular health. We followed best practice procedures for data collection ( 6 , 47 ), using validated and acceptable methods for assessing early arterial injury in children ( 42 , 48 , 49 ), which contrasts other published studies ( 20 , 32 ). Other adverse complications such as low birth weight and preterm birth increase CVD risk in later life ( 45 , 46 ), however, we found no associations between aIMT or PWV and confounders in univariate or sub-group analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intrauterine exposure to preeclampsia does not impair vascular health in children

Varley

Henry²,

Roberts³

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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Background and objectivesPreeclampsia is a serious multisystem blood pressure disorder during pregnancy that is associated with increased long-term risk of cardiovascular disease to the mother and offspring. We investigated the vascular health of children exposed to intrauterine preeclampsia.Materials and methodsThis was a cross-sectional study of offspring in a prospective cohort of women with complications during pregnancy. Children aged between 2 and 5 years [median age 4.7 (2.8, 5.1) years] exposed to intrauterine preeclampsia (n = 26) or normotensive controls (n = 34), were recruited between July 2020 and April 2021. Vascular health was assessed by measuring aortic intima-media thickness and pulse wave velocity. Univariate generalized linear regression models were used to explore associations between vascular measurements and explanatory variables.ResultsChildren exposed to preeclampsia had a lower body mass index at assessment (15.5 vs. 16.2 kg/m2, p = 0.04), birth weight (2.90 vs. 3.34 kg, p = 0.004), gestational age at birth (37.5 vs. 39.4 weeks, p < 0.001) and higher frequency of preterm birth (27% vs. 6%, p = 0.02). There were no differences in vascular health between children exposed to preeclampsia vs. controls (mean aortic intima-media thickness 0.575 mm vs. 0.563 mm, p = 0.51, pulse wave velocity 4.09 vs. 4.18 m/s, p = 0.54) and there were no significant associations in univariate analyses.ConclusionsThere were no major adverse differences in vascular health which contrasts with existing studies. This suggests exposure to intrauterine preeclampsia may result in a less severe cardiovascular phenotype in young children. While reassuring, longitudinal studies are required to determine if and when exposure to intrauterine preeclampsia affects vascular health in children.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrauterine exposure to preeclampsia does not impair vascular health in children

Varley

Henry²,

Roberts³

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Guiding Evidence-Based Classification in Para Sporting Populations: A Systematic Review of Impairment Measures and Activity Limitations

Wileman,

McKay,

Hackett

et al. 2024

Sports Med

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Background As the focus of classification shifts towards an evidence-based approach, it is crucial to establish a robust system that relies on valid and reliable measures of impairment to ensure legitimate and competitive opportunities for all Para athletes. However, the lack of methods that possess the necessary measurement properties for assessing impairments in Para sporting populations presents significant challenges to developing an evidence-based classification system. Objective This review aimed to identify and evaluate measures of impairment and activity limitation measures that have been used to assess eligible impairments in Para sport athletes for potential use in evidence-based classification. Methods Six electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science) were searched from their earliest record to December 2023. Results Fifty-one articles were identified, with twenty-one studies focusing on physical impairment measures. Isometric and grip strength emerged as effective measures. Coordination measures, such as tapping tasks, showed variations with performance. Additionally, six studies focused on intellectual impairments, revealing differences between impaired and non-impaired athletes through generic cognitive tests. Vision impairment measures, including visual acuity and visual field assessments, displayed varying associations with performance across sports. Conclusions Although research on evidence-based classification in Para sport is limited, this review provides valuable insights for sports in developing a testing battery that adheres to evidence-based protocols. Ongoing research efforts by sport governing bodies to prioritise research in this area will improve our understanding of the impairment–performance relationship, leading to better decision making and increased credibility in Para sport classification systems.

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Impact of prematurity on lifelong cardiovascular health: structural and functional considerations

Sixtus,

Dyson,

Gray

2024

npj Cardiovasc Health

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The aetiology of preterm cardiovascular disease formation appears different from that of traditional population. Within the ‘traditional’ population cardiovascular disease formation is driven by functional stressors (e.g., diet, smoking). Whereas preterm cardiovascular disease risk is driven by structural changes incurred at birth. Much of the proliferative growth in the developing heart and major vessels ceases at birth, leading to permanently reduced dimensions compared to their term-born cohort. These structural changes take a back seat to functional and clinical complications within the neonatal period, but become increasingly pronounced from adolescence, at which point functional decompensation can be observed. While the cause may differ from ‘traditional’ populations, the eventual disease outcomes do not, leading them to be an overlooked population. This means that aetiology, and thus, treatment options may be very different due to the underlying mechanisms. Here, we propose that the structural cause of preterm-associated cardiovascular disease is apparent and observable early in life. Understanding the differences in cardiovascular disease aetiology may therefore aid in the early treatment of preterm-associated cardiovascular disease risk.

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Early life determinants of arterial stiffness in neonates, infants, children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 4 publications

References 47 publications

Intrauterine exposure to preeclampsia does not impair vascular health in children

Intrauterine exposure to preeclampsia does not impair vascular health in children

Guiding Evidence-Based Classification in Para Sporting Populations: A Systematic Review of Impairment Measures and Activity Limitations

Impact of prematurity on lifelong cardiovascular health: structural and functional considerations

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