Early‐life establishment of the swine gut microbiome and impact on host phenotypes

Mach, Núria; Berri, Mustapha; Estellé, Jordi; Levenez, Florence; Lemonnier, Gaëtan; Denis, Catherine; Leplat, Jean Jacques; Chevaleyre, Claire; Billon, Yvon; Doré, Joël; Rogel–Gaillard, Claire; Lepage, Patricia

doi:10.1111/1758-2229.12285

Cited by 348 publications

(448 citation statements)

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“…Differences within the intestinal microbiota have explained variability in body weight in pigs; for example, at the phylum level, Firmicutes and Planctomycetes have been found at higher relative abundance in heavier pigs, while Bacteroidetes were more abundant in lighter pigs (21). In the same study, body weight-associated differences were found at the genus level (21), and a study by Mach et al showed that Prevotella was positively correlated with body weight (22). Intestinal microbiota composition has also been shown to vary between lean and obese pigs, with an increased abundance of Firmicutes found in obese pigs (15).…”

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confidence: 79%

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Exploring a Possible Link between the Intestinal Microbiota and Feed Efficiency in Pigs

McCormack

Curião

Buzoianu

et al. 2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

269

208

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Feed efficiency (FE) is critical in pig production for both economic and environmental reasons. As the intestinal microbiota plays an important role in energy harvest, it is likely to influence FE. Therefore, our aim was to characterize the intestinal microbiota of pigs ranked as low, medium, and high residual feed intake ([RFI] a metric for FE), where genetic, nutritional, and management effects were minimized, to explore a possible link between the intestinal microbiota and FE. Eightyone pigs were ranked according to RFI between weaning and day 126 postweaning, and 32 were selected as the extremes in RFI (12 low, 10 medium, and 10 high). Intestinal microbiota diversity, composition, and predicted functionality were assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Although no differences in microbial diversity were found, some RFI-associated compositional differences were revealed, principally among members of Firmicutes, predominantly in feces at slaughter (albeit mainly for low-abundance taxa). In particular, microbes associated with a leaner and healthier host (e.g., Christensenellaceae, Oscillibacter, and Cellulosilyticum) were enriched in low RFI (more feed-efficient) pigs. Differences were also observed in the ileum of low RFI pigs; most notably, Nocardiaceae (Rhodococcus) were less abundant. Predictive functional analysis suggested improved metabolic capabilities in these animals, especially within the ileal microbiota. Higher ileal isobutyric acid concentrations were also found in low RFI pigs. Overall, the differences observed within the intestinal microbiota of low RFI pigs compared with that of their high RFI counterparts, albeit relatively subtle, suggest a possible link between the intestinal microbiota and FE in pigs.IMPORTANCE This study is one of the first to show that differences in intestinal microbiota composition, albeit subtle, may partly explain improved feed efficiency (FE) in low residual feed intake (RFI) pigs. One of the main findings is that, although microbial diversity did not differ among animals of varying FE, specific intestinal microbes could potentially be linked with porcine FE. However, as the factors impacting FE are still not fully understood, intestinal microbiota composition may not be a major factor determining differences in FE. Nonetheless, this work has provided a potential set of microbial biomarkers for FE in pigs. Although culturability could be a limiting factor and intervention studies are required, these taxa could potentially be targeted in the future to manipulate the intestinal microbiome so as to improve

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confidence: 79%

“…The advent of high-throughput sequencing has facilitated comprehensive profiling of the resident bacteria in the digestive tracts of pigs (17,22,29,30). However, this study is one of the first to exploit this technology to examine the intestinal microbiota among pigs of varying FE.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring a Possible Link between the Intestinal Microbiota and Feed Efficiency in Pigs

McCormack

Curião

Buzoianu

et al. 2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

269

208

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“…In the most reductionist version of the experiment, colonization of true germ-free pigs recapitulates postnatal development of the mucosal immune system (Laycock et al 2012). In 70-day-old Large White pigs with more complex, naturally establishing microbiomes, the presence of 'enterotypes' characterised by Ruminococcus or Prevotella was associated with differences in luminal secretory IgA concentrations, as well as body weight (Mach et al 2015), higher IgA levels and growth performances being seen in pigs with the Prevotella-dominated microbiomes. In this report, there was no antagonism between IgA levels expected to be protective and production traits.…”

Section: The Link Between the Intestinal Microbiota And The Mucosal Imentioning

confidence: 96%

Immunomodulating effects of probiotics for microbiota modulation, gut health and disease resistance in pigs

Roselli

Pieper

Rogel–Gaillard

et al. 2017

Animal Feed Science and Technology

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General rightsThis document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. Full terms of use are available: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/pure/about/ebr-terms HIGHLIGHTS-Updated literature overview about probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics on pig gut health is provided -Both in vivo studies performed in pigs and in vitro studies conducted in pig intestinal cell lines are described -A critical outcome of the described results is provided -The concept of "proxy measurements" for pig gut health is widely discussed -The link between gut microbiota and mucsal immune system is described Abstract:Probiotics are live microorganisms that can confer a health benefit on the host, and amongst various mechanisms probiotics are believed to exert their effects by production of antimicrobial substances, competition with pathogens for adhesion sites and nutrients, enhancement of mucosal barrier integrity and immune modulation. Through these activities probiotics can support three core benefits for the host: supporting a healthy gut microbiota, a healthy digestive tract and a healthy immune system. More recently, the concept of combining probiotics and prebiotics, i.e. synbiotics, for the beneficial effect on gut health of pigs has attracted major interest, and examples of probiotic and prebiotic benefits for pigs are pathogen inhibition and immunomodulation. Yet, it remains to be defined in pigs, what exactly is a healthy gut. Because of the high level of variability in growth and feed conversion between individual pigs in commercial production systems, measuring the impact of probiotics on gut health defined by improvements in overall productivity requires large experiments. For this reason, many studies have concentrated on measuring the effects of the feed additives on proxies of gut health including many immunological measures, in more controlled experiments. With the major focus of studying the balance between gut microbiology, immunology and physiology, and the potential for prevention of intestinal disorders in pigs, we therefore performed a literature review of the immunomodulatory effects of probiotics, either alone or in combination with prebiotics, based on in vivo, in vitro and ex vivo porcine experiments. A 3 consistent number of studies showed the potential capacity in terms of immunomodulatory activities of these feed additives in pigs, but contrasting results can also be obtained from the literature.Reasons for this are not clear but could be related to differences with respect to the probiotic strain used, experimental settings, diets, initial microbiota colonization, administration route, time and frequency of administration of the probiotic strain and sampling for analysis. Hence, the use of proxy measurements of enteric health based on observable immunological parameters presents significant problems at the moment, and cannot be considered robust, reliable predictors of the probiotic activity in vivo, in relation to pig gut health. In c...

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“…The key role of intestinal Gram-positive bacteria in controlling adaptive immunity after respiratory infection with influenza virus has been recently highlighted in mice [36], demonstrating that all commensal bacteria did not contribute equally to the immunocompetence in the respiratory tract. In pigs, Lactobacillus genus exhibits a significant decline at weaning [37]. A direct intake of scFOS that is widely known to increase lactobacilli in vivo [38,39] may prevent this post-weaning decrease and subsequently improve the efficiency of the immune response to vaccination.…”

Section: Supplementation Of Piglets With Scfos Modulates Immune Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Short-Chain Fructooligosaccharides in Lactating Sows and Newly Weaned Piglets on Reproductive Performance of Sows, Immune Response and Growth Performance of Piglets from Birth to Slaughter

Apper¹,

Meymerit²,

Bodin³

et al. 2016

J Anim Res Nutr

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Objective: The effects of an early-life dietary supplementation with short-chain fructooligosaccharides (scFOS) on immune response and growth performance of pigs from birth to slaughter were evaluated. The hypothesis was that scFOS have long-term effects on immune response, and growth performance. Methods:One hundred and twenty-nine sows received a control diet (CTRL, 10 g/d maltodextrins) or a diet supplemented with scFOS (10 g/d) from d 109 of gestation to the weaning of the piglets.After weaning, the piglets of each litter were divided into two groups to receive the CTRL or the scFOS diet (1.2 g/d maltodextrin or scFOS) during the pre-starter period. At 53 and 74 d of age, the piglets were vaccinated against Influenza.Performance of sows and composition of colostrum were measured. Blood serum of the piglets was sampled one d prior vaccination, at d 74 and 95 to measure Influenza-IgG levels. The growth parameters of the piglets were recorded from birth to slaughter. Results:Supplementation of the sows with scFOS decreased farrowing duration (p=0.012), colostrum fat content (p=0.006) and increased IgG content in colostrum of sows with parity of 4 or higher (p=0.006) without modifying the performance of suckling piglets. Back fat thickness at weaning tended to be higher in supplemented sows (p=0.091). Diet with scFOS improved growth performance during the breeding period, resulting in reduced feeding time needed to reach a 120 kg body weight at slaughter. Piglets fed scFOS had higher Influenza-IgG titer (p=0.05) after vaccination against Influenza virus. Conclusion:These data suggest scFOS supplementation of sows during suckling period and of piglets during the postweaning period leads to long-term positive effects on growth of fattening pigs and to better physiological conditions of sows.

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Early‐life establishment of the swine gut microbiome and impact on host phenotypes

Cited by 348 publications

References 72 publications

Exploring a Possible Link between the Intestinal Microbiota and Feed Efficiency in Pigs

Exploring a Possible Link between the Intestinal Microbiota and Feed Efficiency in Pigs

Immunomodulating effects of probiotics for microbiota modulation, gut health and disease resistance in pigs

Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Short-Chain Fructooligosaccharides in Lactating Sows and Newly Weaned Piglets on Reproductive Performance of Sows, Immune Response and Growth Performance of Piglets from Birth to Slaughter

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