Early life exposure to particulate matter air pollution (PM1, PM2.5 and PM10) and autism in Shanghai, China: A case-control study

Chen, Gongbo; Jin, Zhili; Li, Shanshan; Jin, Xingming; Tong, Shilu; Liu, Shijian; You, Yang; Huang, Hong; Lee, Hyewon

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2018.10.026

Cited by 104 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Consistent with our finding, Chen et al (2018) reported that exposures to PM 1 , PM 2.5 and PM 10 during the first three years of life were associated with the increased risk of ASD and there appeared to be stronger effects of ambient PM pollution on ASD in the second and the third years after birth. Many studies have specifically examined the relationship between ASD and in utero or early childhood air pollution exposure (Flores‐Pajot et al, 2016; Lam et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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The association between particulate matter 2.5 exposure and children with autism spectrum disorder

Geng

Fang

2019

Intl J of Devlp Neuroscience

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Objective Particulate matter (PM) as an environmental pollutant is suspected to be associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The aim of this study was to assess whether exposures to PM2.5 during the first three years of life in relation to the risk and degree of the severity of ASD. Methods A total of two hundred and ninety‐seven 3–6 years old Chinese children (99 confirmed autism cases and 198 their age‐gender matched control subjects) were included. Children's exposures to PM2.5 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm) during the first three years after birth were estimated. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the PM2.5‐ASD association. Results The mean levels of PM2.5 exposures in ASD and typical developmental children during the first three years of life were 89.8[standard deviations (SD): 6.1] μg/m3 and 87.3(6.6) μg/m3, respectively (p = 0.002). A statistically significant positive correlation was found between the serum levels of PM2.5 and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) score indicating severity of autism (r = 0.259; p = 0.010). Based on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the optimal cutoff value of PM2.5 levels as an indicator for auxiliary diagnosis of ASD was projected to be 89.5ug/m3, which yielded a sensitivity of 65.4% and a specificity of 63.2%, with the area under the curve at 0.61 (95% confidence intervals [CIs], 0.54−0.68; P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis models were used to assess ASD risk according to PM2.5 quartiles (the lowest quartile [Q1] as the reference), with the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) (95% CIs) were recorded. As shown in the Table 2, the 3rd and 4th quartile of PM2.5 were compared against the Q1, and the risks were increased by 103% (OR = 2.03; 95%CI: 1.13–5.54; p = 0.015) and 311% (4.15; 2.04–9.45; p = 0.002), respectively. Conclusions To conclude, the evidence from this study allowed us to conclude that there was an association between PM2.5 exposure and ASD risk and severity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Lastly, the inconsistent results could be caused by the levels of air pollution in different studies. The levels of PM 2.5 ranged from 14.5ug/m 3 to 66.2ug/m 3 in previous studies (Chen et al, 2018; Raz et al, 2015; Talbott et al, 2015). In this study, the mean level of PM 2.5 was 89.8ug/m 3 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

The association between particulate matter 2.5 exposure and children with autism spectrum disorder

Geng

Fang

2019

Intl J of Devlp Neuroscience

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“…This was confirmed by an Israeli study resulting in higher odds for postnatal exposure to NO 2 and autism risk than for prenatal exposure [ 101 ]. With regard to this aspect, mixed results were achieved in other studies [ 102 , 103 , 104 , 105 ].…”

Section: Evidence From Human and Animal Studiesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Ambient Air Pollution Increases the Risk of Cerebrovascular and Neuropsychiatric Disorders through Induction of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress

Hahad

Lelieveld

Birklein

et al. 2020

IJMS

277

107

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Exposure to ambient air pollution is a well-established determinant of health and disease. The Lancet Commission on pollution and health concludes that air pollution is the leading environmental cause of global disease and premature death. Indeed, there is a growing body of evidence that links air pollution not only to adverse cardiorespiratory effects but also to increased risk of cerebrovascular and neuropsychiatric disorders. Despite being a relatively new area of investigation, overall, there is mounting recent evidence showing that exposure to multiple air pollutants, in particular to fine particles, may affect the central nervous system (CNS) and brain health, thereby contributing to increased risk of stroke, dementia, Parkinson’s disease, cognitive dysfunction, neurodevelopmental disorders, depression and other related conditions. The underlying molecular mechanisms of susceptibility and disease remain largely elusive. However, emerging evidence suggests inflammation and oxidative stress to be crucial factors in the pathogenesis of air pollution-induced disorders, driven by the enhanced production of proinflammatory mediators and reactive oxygen species in response to exposure to various air pollutants. From a public health perspective, mitigation measures are urgent to reduce the burden of disease and premature mortality from ambient air pollution.

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“…By comparing predicted data with ground-level measurements of air pollutants, the spatial temporal model showed a good predictive ability (Zhang et al, 2019). The performance of model and accuracy of estimation for daily and annual average PM 1 were 55% and 20.5 µg/m 3 , and 75% and 8.8 µg/m 3 , respectively (Chen et al, 2018a). Those for PM 2.5 were 83% and 18.1 µg/m 3 and 86% and 6.9 μg/m 3 respectively (Chen et al, 2018c).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of long-term exposure to PM1, PM2.5, NO2 with type 2 diabetes mellitus prevalence and fasting blood glucose levels in Chinese rural populations

Liu

Lee

Liu

et al. 2019

Environment International

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Early life exposure to particulate matter air pollution (PM1, PM2.5 and PM10) and autism in Shanghai, China: A case-control study

Cited by 104 publications

References 46 publications

The association between particulate matter 2.5 exposure and children with autism spectrum disorder

The association between particulate matter 2.5 exposure and children with autism spectrum disorder

Ambient Air Pollution Increases the Risk of Cerebrovascular and Neuropsychiatric Disorders through Induction of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress

Associations of long-term exposure to PM1, PM2.5, NO2 with type 2 diabetes mellitus prevalence and fasting blood glucose levels in Chinese rural populations

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