Early‐life exposures to infectious agents and later cancer development

Vedham, Vidya; Verma, Mukesh; Mahabir, Somdat

doi:10.1002/cam4.538

Cited by 49 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 142 publications

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“…Given the paucity of reports on patients with TSC developing non‐renal malignant tumors, it is impossible to tell whether these two conditions are genetically related or occurred together in the same patients by chance. However, cervical cancer is known to be associated with exposure to human papillomavirus (HPV) [Vedham et al, ], and it is therefore unlikely to be related to TSC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do patients with tuberous sclerosis complex have an increased risk for malignancies?

Peron

Vignoli

Briola

et al. 2016

American J of Med Genetics Pt A

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Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) is generally characterized by the presence of benign tumors, but some patients with malignancies have been reported in the literature. We examined a large Italian TSC population (240 individuals followed from 2001 to 2015, aged 3 months-74 years), assessing the frequency of malignancies to determine whether there is an increased risk for cancer in this disorder, and looking for possible features associated with the development of neoplasia. Fifteen patients had malignancies (6.25%); median age at diagnosis was 37.5 years (range of 1.6-58). Five of seven renal tumors were renal cell carcinomas. Eight patients had a non-renal malignancy (3.3%), but we did not find a more prevalent type of cancer. No patient developed more than one malignancy. The prevalence of all malignant tumors was compatible with the prevalence in the general population (5.6%, 95%CI 2.99-9.31%, vs. 4.4% in Italy). Median age at cancer diagnosis was lower (37.5 years, 95%CI 28.6-44.7, vs. 66.0 years). Two patients (13.3%) died of their cancer, while outcome was favorable in the remaining individuals. Malignant tumors were more frequently diagnosed in patients with mutations in TSC1 when compared to TSC2 and patients with no mutation identified (P = 0.032). Our study demonstrated that TSC patients do not seem to have an increased risk for malignancies besides renal cell carcinoma. However, when cancer develops, age at diagnosis is lower than in the general population, and malignant tumors are more frequently diagnosed in patients with mutations in TSC1. Further studies are needed to confirm these data. ©2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do patients with tuberous sclerosis complex have an increased risk for malignancies?

Peron

Vignoli

Briola

et al. 2016

American J of Med Genetics Pt A

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“…Thus, the vast majority of effort has focused on the prevention of HTLV-1-mediated tumorigenesis. Because the exposure to HTLV-1 in early life plays an important role in cancer development later in life, it is practical to develop interventions targeting early life exposure to the infection [25] .…”

Section: Genotypes Of Htlvsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 and its oncogenesis

et al. 2017

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Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the etiologic agent of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL), a rapidly progressing clonal malignancy of CD4+ T lymphocytes. Exploring the host-HTLV-1 interactions and the molecular mechanisms underlying HTLV-1-mediated tumorigenesis is critical for developing efficient therapies against the viral infection and associated leukemia/lymphoma. It has been demonstrated to date that several HTLV-1 proteins play key roles in the cellular transformation and immortalization of infected T lymphocytes. Of note, the HTLV-1 oncoprotein Tax inhibits the innate IFN response through interaction with MAVS, STING and RIP1, causing the suppression of TBK1-mediated phosphorylation of IRF3/IRF7. The HTLV-1 protein HBZ disrupts genomic integrity and inhibits apoptosis and autophagy of the target cells. Furthermore, it is revealed that HBZ enhances the proliferation of ATL cells and facilitates evasion of the infected cells from immunosurveillance. These studies provide insights into the molecular mechanisms by which HTLV-1 mediates the formation of cancer as well as useful strategies for the development of new therapeutic interventions against ATL. In this article, we review the recent advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis, the underlying mechanisms, clinical diagnosis and treatment of the disease caused by HTLV-1 infection. In addition, we discuss the future direction for targeting HTLV-1-associated cancers and strategies against HTLV-1.

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“…seroprevalence patterns and transmission) for each of the tumour viruses follows this introduction. [14,15]. Approximately 75% of HPV infections in young children are caused by HPV-6 or HPV-11 and are mostly subclinical, except for the rare (four cases per 100 000 births) respiratory papillomatosis of infants associated with these low-risk types [16].…”

Section: Global Burden Of Cancer Due To Viral Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumour virus epidemiology

Lunn

Jahnke

Rabkin

2017

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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A viral etiology of cancer was first demonstrated in 1911 by Peyton Rous who injected cell-free filtrate from a chicken sarcoma into healthy chickens and found it induced a tumour. Since the discovery over 50 years ago of the Epstein-Barr virus as the cause of Burkitt lymphoma, seven other human viruses or groups of viruses-hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus type 1, some human papillomaviruses, human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1, Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus and Merkel cell polyomavirus-have been linked to human cancer. Collectively, these eight viruses cause over 20 different types of cancer and contribute to 10-12% of all cancer, with a greater burden in low- and middle-income countries. For many viruses, immunosuppression greatly increases the risks of persistent infection, development of chronic sequelae and cancer. Although several viruses share similar routes of transmission (especially sexual activity, injection drug use and mother-to-child transmission), the predominant route of transmission varies across viruses, and for the same virus can vary by geographical location. In general, vulnerable populations at the greatest risk for viral infections and their associated diseases include people, especially children, living in low- to middle-income countries, men who have sex with men, people who use injection drugs and female sex workers.This article is part of the themed issue 'Human oncogenic viruses'.

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Early‐life exposures to infectious agents and later cancer development

Cited by 49 publications

References 142 publications

Do patients with tuberous sclerosis complex have an increased risk for malignancies?

Do patients with tuberous sclerosis complex have an increased risk for malignancies?

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 and its oncogenesis

Tumour virus epidemiology

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