Early-life factors are associated with waist circumference and type 2 diabetes among Ghanaian adults: The RODAM Study

Abstract

Early-life experiences may fuel the emergence of obesity and type 2 diabetes among African populations. We evaluated childhood socio-economic status (SES) and childhood nutritional status as risk factors for increased waist circumference and type 2 diabetes among Ghanaian adults. In the multi-center, cross-sectional Research on Obesity and Diabetes among African Migrants (RODAM) Study, we calculated associations (adjusted for demographics and lifestyle) of parental education and anthropometric markers of childhood nutrition [leg length, leg length-to-height ratio (LHR)] with waist circumference and type 2 diabetes, respectively. Among 5,575 participants (mean age: 46.2 years; 62% female), lower education of either parent (vs. higher) was consistently associated with higher waist circumference (∆: 1.6–3.4 cm). Lower father’s education tended to increase the odds of type 2 diabetes by 50% in women (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.0, 2.4). Reduced leg length and LHR were associated with higher waist circumference. But only in men, leg length was inversely related to type 2 diabetes (OR per 1 standard deviation decrease: 1.1; 95% CI: 1.0, 1.3). In this study, markers of poor childhood SES and early-life nutritional status relate to abdominal obesity in men and women and to type 2 diabetes in men. Thus, prevention efforts should start in early childhood.

Current Pharmacological Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Undocumented Migrants: Is It Appropriate for the Phenotype of the Disease?

“…Gender is also important when deciding how to deal with other chronic conditions such as, for example, arterial hypertension [34]. Poor socio-economic status could be even more important in determining the incidence of T2D and its phenotypic manifestations [35,36]. However, despite this, we have demonstrated that the pattern of chronic comorbidity still shows differences in different ethnic groups, after having taken into account socio-economic conditions [37].…”

Estimating trunk fat in children according to sex using basic somatic readings: an opportunity for improving evaluation among girls

“…Furthermore, proxy measures are useful even when DXA is available but cannot be justified at every follow-up visit. Therefore, and after firm association of estimators based on waist circumference and trunk fat, we recommend that the studied estimators be used because of their safety, simplicity [61], known low variability [62] and good correlation with CT and MRI [63] when assessing metabolically unhealthy fat accumulation [3,64] and furthermore to increase precision by considering sex [55] and age if assessing a diverse sample [65,66,67].…”

Autocuidado de pacientes com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 de difícil controle em época de pandemia / Self-care of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, difficult to control in pandemic times

“…Com relação ao perfil lipídico a maioria das pacientes apresentaram valores dentro da normalidade. De fato, tem sido relatado que os principais fatores de risco associados ao desenvolvimento das comorbidades associadas ao DM2 são os maus hábitos alimentares (FERREIRA et al, 2014;MOREIRA et al, 2018), o sedentarismo (BENITE-RIBEIRO et al, 2020;DOS SANTOS et al, 2018;DOS SANTOS et al, 2015b), o aumento da massa corporal relacionada à deposição de gordura, principalmente na região abdominal (BARROSO et al, 2017;DANQUAH et al, 2019), e a dislipidemia (MALTA et al, 2011;BARROSO et al, 2017;MAGKOS;HJORTH;ASTRUP, 2020). O acúmulo de lipídeos ectópicos quando associado com a capacidade reduzida da β-oxidação celular caracteriza um processo denominado lipotoxicidade (ALWAHSH et al, 2017;DE CASTRO et al, 2013;DISSARD et al, 2013;ERTUNC;HOTAMISLIGIL, 2016;FU et al, 2009).…”